Using historical cost data, we simulate the California electricity market after deregulation as a static Cournot market with a competitive fringe. Our model indicates that, under the pre-deregulation structure of generation ownership, there is potential for significant market power in high demand hours, particularly in the fall and early winter months when hydroelectric output is at its lowest ...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the value of a coordinated market exchange mechanism. I present a model of e cient trading mechanisms under uncertainty, and develop a measure of the value of an inter rm trade agreement in the context of sequential `buy-versus-produce' decisionmaking by rms. The theory is applied to estimate the value of a formal trading institution in the Californi...

The influence of the moss layer on soil structure and water retention is not well understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in under reveal influencing factors these changes. 3D networks macropores were quantified using CT scanning image analysis techniques, characteristics explored through curves (SWRCs) VG model. length densities thin thick layers approximately 2.7 1.6 tim...

Background: Previous research indicates that Physical Activity (PA) can help people with Parkinson’s (PwP) to manage their symptoms but they are less active than of the same age and in relation PA guidelines. Common measures include questionnaires or accelerometers. Accelerometers not routinely used clinical services. Little has been conducted on PwP perceived feasibility utility using b...

This study has been achieved using Geo-Studio Finite Element Software in two sections. First, to the changes pore water pressure (PWP) within soil layers below Bashtapia Castle at different levels of river Tigris. The effect these was focus check slope stability Castle. On other hand, second section increase safety factor reinforcement spacings and lengths anchor’s rods. Modeling output showed ...

Nodal prices, congestion revenues, transmission capacity rights, and compensation for wire ownership are key concepts used to formulate claims about proposals to organize competitive and open transmission access. Underlying those claims are implicit assertions (folk theorems) concerning the regulation of transmission access, the determination of power ows, properties of economic dispatch, and t...

This paper argues that the market rules governing the operation of a re-structured electricity market in combination with its market structure can have a substantial impact on behavior of marketclearing prices. Using evidence on the design of electricity markets in England and Wales, Norway, the state of Victoria in Australia and New Zealand, this paper illustrates that market structure and mar...