KCNE1 (E1) β-subunits assemble with KCNQ1 (Q1) voltage-gated K(+) channel α-subunits to form IKslow (IKs) channels in the heart and ear. The number of E1 subunits in IKs channels has been an issue of ongoing debate. Here, we use single-molecule spectroscopy to demonstrate that surface IKs channels with human subunits contain two E1 and four Q1 subunits. This stoichiometry does not vary. Thus, I...

Let S = {q1, . . . , qs} be a finite, non-empty set of distinct prime numbers. For a non-zero integer m, write m = q1 1 . . . q rs s M , where r1, . . . , rs are non-negative integers and M is an integer relatively prime to q1 . . . qs. We define the S-part [m]S of m by [m]S := q r1 1 . . . q rs s . Let (un)n≥0 be a linear recurrence sequence of integers. Under certain necessary conditions, we ...

It is important to preprocess high-throughput data generated from microarray or mass spectrometry experiments in order to obtain a successful analysis. Outlier detection is an important preprocessing step. For outlier detection, upper and lower fences (Q3+1.5IQR and Q1 − 1.5IQR) of the differences are often used in statistics, where Q1=lower 25% quantile, Q3=upper 25% quantile, and IQR = Q3 − Q...

In Japan the incidence of myocardial infarction or Q1-1 of Minnesota Code is 0.24%-0.54% in epidemiological survey, and the incidence of total cases with Q1-1•`Q1-3 is about 1.0%. The incidence of ischemic heart disease in epidemiological survey is 2.1 %, and the death from arteriosclerotic heart disease including coronary heart disease (B26a) in vital statistics is 3.7%. The incidence of repor...

200 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 52, NUMBER 2 Introduction A quiver is just a directed graph.1 Formally, a quiver is a pair Q = (Q0,Q1) where Q0 is a finite set of vertices and Q1 is a finite set of arrows between them. If a ∈ Q1 is an arrow, then ta and ha denote its tail and its head, respectively. Let us fix a quiver Q and a base field K. Attach a finite dimensional vector space to each vertex ...

In this paper we investigate the following two questions: Q1: Do there exist optimal proof systems for a given language L? Q2: Do there exist complete problems for a given promise class C? For concrete languages L (such as TAUT or SAT) and concrete promise classes C (such as NP ∩ coNP, UP, BPP, disjoint NP-pairs etc.), these questions have been intensively studied during the last years, and a n...

In this paper we investigate the following two questions: Q1: Do there exist optimal proof systems for a given language L? Q2: Do there exist complete problems for a given promise class C? For concrete languages L (such as TAUT or SAT) and concrete promise classes C (such as NP∩coNP, UP, BPP, disjoint NP-pairs etc.), these questions have been intensively studied during the last years, and a num...

Note that the main lemma used in the proof of Theorem 2 is Lemma 7 below, and the other lemmas are used as auxiliary geometric lemmas. For completeness , we include in this document a figure of the Promenade motion-planning problem, as it appears in the main text. q1 q2 A1 A2 B1 B2 α α 1 Fig. 1: An illustration of the Promenade motion planning problem, a square obstacle within a square bounding...

KCNQ1 (also known as KV7.1 or KVLQT1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel modulated by members of the KCNE protein family. Among multiple functions, KCNQ1 plays a critical role in the cardiac action potential. This channel is also subject to inherited mutations that cause certain cardiac arrhythmias and deafness. In this study, we report the overexpression, purification, and preliminary struct...

A b s t r a c t . The class Ii0 , ~ C (0, c~], of f-divergences investigated in this paper is defined in terms of a class of entropies introduced by Arimoto (1971, Information and Control, 19, 181-194). It contains the squared Hellinger distance (for/~ = 1/2), the sum I(Q1 II (Q1 +Q2)/2) +I(Q~ II (Q1 +Q2)/2) of Kullback-Leibler divergences (for ~ = 1) and half of the variation distance (for/3 =...