The neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) have been all but eradicated in wealthier countries but remain major causes of ill-health and mortality in over 80 countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The nature of neglect for the NZDs has been ascribed, in part, to underreporting resulting in an underestimation of their global burden that, together with a lack of advocacy, downgrades their ...

More than 70 years have passed since the prophylactic treatment of rabies with dried attenuated vaccine was first reported by L. Pasteur1. But the treatment of rabies to-day still remaines on the same therapeutic principles of giving active immunity by repeated injections of an emulsion prepared of the nervetissue of animals infected with fixed virus before the street virus invades into and pro...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the public health and economic burden of endemic canine rabies in Africa and Asia. METHODS Data from these regions were applied to a set of linked epidemiological and economic models. The human population at risk from endemic canine rabies was predicted using data on dog density, and human rabies deaths were estimated using a series of probability steps to determine the ...

Dogs and mice were immunized with either a rabies glycoprotein subunit vaccine incorporated into an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) or a commercial human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) prepared from a Pitman Moore (PM) rabies vaccine strain. Pre-exposure vaccination of mice with two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 360 ng ISCOM or 0.5 ml HDCV protected 95% (38/40) and 90% (36/40) of mice, respec...

PURPOSE The development of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine applicable to wild raccoon dogs is necessary for the eradication of rabies in Korea. Thus, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) called the ERAGS strain, using a reverse genetic system and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS ERAGS, whi...

Replication-deficient rabies viruses (RABV) are promising rabies postexposure vaccines due to their prompt and potent stimulation of protective virus neutralizing antibody titers, which are produced in mice by both T-dependent and T-independent mechanisms. To promote such early and robust B cell stimulation, we hypothesized that live RABV-based vaccines directly infect B cells, thereby activati...

BACKGROUND Rabies is a potential danger to the human health. Therefore, people who had contact with suspected or rabid animals should be vaccinated. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prophylactic anti-rabies vaccination program in Białystok. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 2005 persons exposed to rabies after contact with suspected or rabid animals were examined at the Center for R...

Rabies is a neglected tropical disease associated with almost universal mortality. It is most often caused by the rabies virus (RABV) and transmitted to humans through the bite of dogs, so-called ‘canine’ rabies. Approximately half of the considerable global burden of disease occurs in Asia where its burden falls most heavily on poor, rural populations with a disproportionate impact on children...

BACKGROUND Rabies is a fatal infection and immunisation is important to consider in those travellers going to rabies endemic areas. In those at high risk, a course of three immunisations may be given by the intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) route, both of which are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Little is known in the New Zealand ...

Vaccine potency testing is necessary to evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies virus (RABV) vaccine preparations before human or veterinary application. Currently, the NIH test is recommended by the WHO expert committee to evaluate RABV vaccine potency. However, numerous disadvantages are inherent concerning cost, number of animals and biosafety requirements. As such, several in vitr...