introduction blue light is a part of the spectrum with the highest energy content, which can reach the retina. the damage that it can cause to the retina is called photochemical or blue-light retinal injury. for the retinal injury assessment of the photochemical and aphakic retinal hazards in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm, use of effective spectral radiance limits (w.m-2.sr-1) seems to be ...

Sun glint, the specular reflection of light from water surfaces, is a serious confounding factor for remote sensing of water column properties and benthos. This paper reviews current techniques to estimate and remove the glint radiance component from imagery. Methods for processing of ocean color images use statistical sea surface models to predict the glint from the sun and sensor positions an...

The provision point mechanism as a method of funding threshold public goods is extended with refund bonuses. Each contributor not only has his contribution refunded in the case of insufficient contributions but also receives a refund bonus proportional to his proposed contribution. As long as the refund bonus pool does not exceed the net value of the public good, in equilibrium the public good ...

The paper presents a flexibility of management of vehicles in Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) network. The algorithm used for delivering empty vehicles for waiting passengers is based on multiparameter analysis. Due to its distributed construction, the algorithm has a horizon parameter, which specifies the maximum distance between stations the communications is performed. Every decision is made ba...

Introduction: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft [1] is currently acquiring infrared (IR) multispectral images of Mars. The instrument has a spatial resolution of 100 meters/pixel in the IR, and acquires data in 9 different wavelength bands, 8 of which are sensitive to radiance emitted by the surface. A complication in the analysis of such dat...

Fluorescent effects have been observed for thousands of years. Stokes, in 1852, began the science of fluorescence culminating in his law of fluorescence, which explained that fluorescence emission occurs at longer wavelengths than the excitation wavelength. This phenomenon is observed extensively in the art world. Daylight fluorescent colors known as Day-Glo have become an artistic medium since...

The Radiance Enhancement (RE) method was introduced for efficient detection of clouds from the space. Recently, we have also reported that due to high reflectance combustion-originated smokes, this approach can be generalized forest fires by retrieving and analyzing datasets collected a space orbiting micro-spectrometer operating in near infrared spectral range. In our previous publication, per...

The vast occurrence of mine drainage worldwide, documented in descriptive studies, presents a staggering challenge for remediation. Any tool that can move beyond descriptive study and helps to evaluate options for remediation in a way that maximizes improvements to the water quality of streams and minimizes cost of remediation could save valuable resources and time. A reactive solute transport ...