An alternative green route using a domestic microwave oven to synthesize NaGdF4:Yb,Tm and NaYF4:Yb,Er was successfully developed. Decreasing dopants concentration increased the ?-NaREF4/?-NaREF4 ratio in NaGdF4. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of NaGdF4 showed particles ranging from 500 nm 1 ?m with formation aggregates up 100 ?m, two different surface morphologies. emission spect...

Abstract Cereal production in Australia is severely impacted by diseases such as Fusarium crown rot (caused predominantly pseudograminearum ) and common root Bipolaris sorokiniana ). These are particularly difficult to manage because inoculum can survive at least three years within cereal stubble, or four soil the case of B. . Microwave radiation may be able reduce eliminate stubble soil. Sever...

The effects of different treatment methods on the stability and antioxidant capacity of the bioactive phenolic compounds of litchi pericarps were investigated. Fresh litchi pericarps were open air-dried, steam-blanched for 3 min in combination with hot air oven drying at 60 and 80 °C, and unblanched pericarps were dried in a hot air oven at 40, 60, 70 and 80 °C until equilibrium weight was reac...

An individual kernel moisture meter and an individual kernel oven drying procedure were used to quantify the kernel-to-kernel moisture content (MC) variation in equilibrated rough rice samples varying in MC from 9 to 37%, w.b. Average, bulk sample MCs were also determined using an oven drying method. No difference (p < 0.05) was found in the average MCs measured by the meter at three weeks or t...

This study investigates effects from different drying methods (vacuum oven dried vs. freeze dried) on the rheological, functional and structural properties of chicken skin gelatin compared to bovine gelatin. Vacuum oven dried chicken skin samples showed a higher gelatin yield (12.86%) than freeze-dried samples (9.25%). The latter showed a higher melting temperature (32.64oC) and superior foamin...

In this paper, an integrated coke dry quenching combined gasification system using coke oven gas and steam to quench the incandescent coke is proposed. The distinct advantages of the system include energy conservation, pollution reduction, coke quality improvement and full use of resources. Based on the minimization of the Gibbs free energy, the flow rate and composition of the syngas are predi...