Presented is a 0.9 V rail-to-rail constant gm CMOS amplifier input stage consisting of complementary differential pairs and a gm control circuit. The gm control circuit eliminates the gm dead zone, which occurs in the conventional rail-to-rail amplifier with ultra-low supply voltages. The proposed amplifier input stage has a constant gm that varies by +2.3% for rail-to-rail input common-mode le...

Preventing broken-rail-caused derailments is a high priority for the rail industry and government. The current practice is to periodically inspect rails using non-destructive technologies such as ultrasonic rail inspection. Determining the optimal inspection frequency is a critical decision in railway infrastructure management. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical framework t...

By analyzing the measured corrugation data, cause of rail was discussed theoretically. Then, vehicle-track coupling model used to study stick-slip characteristics wheel-rail system. Finally, explained by combining modal analysis and relation. The transverse curve on inner rail-inner wheel leading wheelset presents a negative slope characteristic, which makes easy slide surface aggravates wear r...

Safety and reliability of a railway system primarily depends on the soundness of the critical components and their freedom from defects. With increased rail traffic carrying heavier loads at higher speeds, a quicker more efficient way of inspecting rails at manufacturing stage is now mandatory. At Jindal Steel and Power Ltd., India, a highly reliable and effective flaw detection method has been...

A model of a kinematic system consisting of moveable tiles in a two dimensional discrete space environment is presented. Neighbouring tiles repel one another, some tiles are fixed in place. A dual-rail logic gate is constructed in this system.

This chapter describes basic logic circuits. This can be seen as largely background material for applications in later chapters in the design of dividers and phase detectors in frequency synthesizers. The types of logic discussed will be CMOS rail-to-rail logic, CMOS current mode logic (CML), bipolar CML, and bipolar emitter coupled logic (ECL). Note that CML is a general term and applies to bo...

AbstractA BiCMOS rail-to-rail operational amplifier capable of operating from supply voltages as low as 1.W is presented. A new technique of achieving a rail-to-rail input common mode range us'ing a bipolar input stage is developed. The new technique avoids the use of complementary pairs at the input and thus avoids complicated schemes for monitoring the constant g,?, . The resulting variation ...

Rail is a framework for building web applications that can precisely identify inappropriately disclosed data after a vulnerability is discovered. To do so, Rail introduces retroactive disclosure auditing: re-running the application with previous inputs once the vulnerability is fixed, to determine what data should have been disclosed. A key challenge for Rail is to reconcile state divergence be...

The place and performance of wireless sensor networks are rapidly improving in the automotive industry, industrial and environmental monitoring. Uptake of this technology can be used in urban rail vehicle management system. Due to the difficult and time-consuming maintenance of vehicle management, a remote automatic monitoring system is needed. In this paper, it is proposed to design, develop a...

this paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55v supply voltage) low power (44.65µw) high common mode rejection ratio (cmrr) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (icmr), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...