15 Rice cleaning I 16 Wheat grinding Strong on left 28th, 29th; windy 30th. High wind 6th, 10th, llth; calm 12th. Calm weather. Ditto. Nov. 29th windy ; 30tli calm. Windy two days previously. Calm after wind on llth, 12tli Feb. Windy on 14th, 15th, 16th. 2nd Mar. windy; 3rd fine; 4th windy. Ditto. May 4th?6th very windy. May 24th, 25th windy. May 2dth, windy. June 3rd, 4th sultry ; June 5th, hi...

In this paper, the link quality in SHF and EHF ranges are studied. In order to achieve high data rate higher frequencies must be used – centimeter waves (SHF), millimeter waves (EHF) or optical range. However, there are significant problem when a radio link work in that diapason – rain attenuation and attenuation in earth’s atmosphere. Based on statistical rain rates data for Bulgaria, the link...

This paper elaborates on the rationale behind the proposed standard limits for the accuracy of rainfall intensity measurements obtained from tipping-bucket and other types of rain gauges. Indeed, based on experimental results obtained in the course of international instrument Intercomparison initiatives and specific laboratory tests, it is shown here that the accuracy of operational rain gauges...

Abstract A fundamental quantity in the calculation of rain attenuation statistics is the specific attenuation (attenuation per unit distance). The power-law form of rain specific attenuation is very convenient and is commonly used. It is expressed as α R k ⋅ , where k and α are the power-law parameters, and R is the rain rate in mm/h. Limited number of power-law parameters were available in the...

Subjective Probability: The Real Thing is the last book written by the late Richard Jeffrey, a key proponent of the Bayesian interpretation of probability. Bayesians hold that probability is a mental notion: saying that the probability of rain is 0.7 is just saying that you believe it will rain to degree 0.7. Degrees of belief are themselves cashed out in terms of bets— in this case you conside...

Satellites play a major role in the determination of the rainfall at sea. Researchers at Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) have been involved in two projects addressing this task. First they have been instrumental in developing techniques to retrieve rain rate information from the 10+ years of dual-frequency altimeter data. The TOPEX radar measures rainfall via the attenuation it causes, pr...

Rain-index insurance is strongly advocated in many parts of the developing world to help farmers to cope with climatic risk that prevail in (semi-)arid rangelands due to low and highly uncertain rainfall. We present a modeling analysis of how the availability of rain-index insurance affects the sustainability of rangeland management. We show that a rain-index insurance with frequent payoffs, i....

It is desired to simulate natural rain in a wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft. Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is used to photograph the droplets in the moving airstream. Digital image processing techniques are applied to these photographs for calculation of rain statist...

Short Title: Prediction of Link Diversity Statistics. Abstract The average annual rain attenuation statistics experienced by individual microwave links are well understood. ITU-R models exist for the prediction of these statistics and they are used to assign power levels to links to achieve the desired availability. The performance of networks such as mulit-hop links or links utilising route, f...