CD19 and CD21 (CR2) are co-receptors found on B-cells and various B-cell lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To evaluate their suitability as targets for therapy of such lymphomas using internalization-dependent antibody-drug conjugates [such as antibody-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, (N2'-deacetyl-N2'-(3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl)-maytansine) (MCC-DM1) conjugates, which requ...

Pasteurella haemolytica, the causative agent of shipping fever pneumonia in cattle, produces a leukotoxin (LKT) which lyses ruminant leukocytes with high efficiency but is reputed to not affect leukocytes from nonruminant species. In this study, we tested the supposition that LKT binding correlates positively with susceptibility to intoxication of susceptible isolated bovine lymphocytes and lym...

Raji, a malignant B-lymphocyte cell line containing Epstein-Barr virus genomic elements, has been conditioned to proliferate optimally in transferrin (Tf)-free medium containing a very low concentration of an iron salt. We provide evidence that an Tf-independent iron uptake system is physiologically important for maintaining the growth of these cells. The data show that Raji cells take up iron ...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most important medicines used for the treatment for B cell lymphoma, yet its clinical efficacy is often limited by severe adverse effects. Drug-loaded microbubbles, combined with ultrasound (US) irradiation, has shown great promise in reducing DOX-induced side effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, these drug-loaded microbubbles are non-targete...

Apoptosis is generally accompanied by a late phase of ceramide (Cer) production, the significance of which is unknown. This study describes a previously unrecognized link between Cer accumulation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the cell surface, a characteristic of the execution phase of apoptosis resulting from a loss of plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry. Using a fluorescent sphin...

We investigated deposition of the complement protein fragment C3b and its breakdown products (collectively designated as C3b(i)) on CD20-positive cells treated with rituximab (RTX) in the presence of normal human serum (NHS). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) demonstrates that about 500 000 C3b(i) molecules deposit per cell, and fluorescence microscopy reveals that C3b(i) colocalizes with bound RTX. Use o...

Radioimmunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies against tumor-associated antigens has been particularly promising in the treatment of radiosensitive malignancies such as lymphoma. 67Cu has excellent physical and biochemical properties for radioimmunotherapy. 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 has been used in preclinical and clinical trials, where an exceptionally long residence time of 67Cu on tumor was observ...

In this study, we synthesized Herceptin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (HMNs) as an alternative probe to discover the levels of HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) in the surface of cells. These nanoparticles can be used by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (non-invasive methods) for screening the patients with HER2 positive or negative tumors. Dextran coated iron oxide nanopartic...

Immune-mediated myasthenia gravis occurred in a 13-month-old girl who had sequelae of an opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. She had an abnormal Raji cell assay along with elevated antiacetylcholine receptor and antithyroglobulin antibodies. No evidence of an associated malignancy was found with either condition. Clearly, the co-occurrence of two diseases within a single patient does not establish a...

    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease that requires innovative new approaches to improve therapeutic outcome. Many Ferula species, including F. asa-foetida, synthesize terpenyloxy coumarins. One of these coumarins is umbelliprenin, which has been implicated with induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines.     In this study induction of apoptosis by umbellipre...