Address: 1RAND/Samueli Chair for Integrative Medicine, RAND Corp., Santa Monica, USA, 2Senior Health Policy Researcher, RAND Corp., Santa Monica, USA, 3Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA, 4Research Consultant, Office of Supported and Institutional Research, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, USA, 5Research Associate, ...

[Classics Editor's note: This translation of these passages from Fechner's Elemente der Psychophysik first appeared in Rand, Benjamin (Ed.)(1912). The Classical Psychologists (pp. 562-572). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, and was reprinted in Herrnstein, Richard J. & Boring, Edwin G. (Eds.)(1965). A Source Book in the History of Psychology (pp. 66-75). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The pag...

Voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) typically require participants to disclose their patents during the standard-setting process, and will endorse a standard only if patent holders commit to license them on “reasonable and non-discriminatory” or RAND terms. We argue that this policy is unworkable—the RAND standard is ambiguous and thus extremely hard to adjudicate. As an alternative...

In this paper, Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) is generalized to two new measures based on matrix comparison: (i) Adjusted Rand Index between a similarity matrix and a cluster partition (ARImp), to evaluate the consistency of a set of clustering solutions with their corresponding consensus matrix in a cluster ensemble, and (ii) Adjusted Rand Index between similarity matrices (ARImm), to evaluate the ...

This paper lays out provocative assertions about major challenges for the modeling and simulation community. One relates to building M&S for the purpose of assisting the search for strategies that are flexible, adaptive, and robust despite uncertainty. A key aspect of this search is exploratory analysis, coupled with selective zoom. These, in turn, require multiresolution modeling with sound mo...

Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka cease foraging before entering freshwater (Brett 1995; Hinch et al. 2006), so they must complete migration, develop gonads and secondary sexual characters, and spawn using stored energy. Research examining energy use by sockeye salmon during upriver spawning migrations (Brett 1995; Hendry and Berg 1999; Crossin et al. 2004) has revealed that successful migrants...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mortality in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1998, 1,143 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) study. At baseline, HRQOL was assessed with the RAND-36 and, after almost 6 years, life status ...

ABSTRACT We propose an effective method for clustering unknown speech utterances based on their associated speakers. The method jointly optimizes the generated clusters and the required number of clusters by estimating and minimizing the Rand index. The metric reflects the clustering errors that arise when utterances from the same speaker are placed in different clusters; or when utterances fro...

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. Limited Electronic Distribution Rights For More ...