In certain cases, the incidence energy of constituent atoms activates an atomistic insertion mechanism, which decreases the surface roughness of metal thin films. In an effort to probe this effect, homoepitaxial copper films were grown using a mass/energy selected direct ion deposition technique that allows precise control of the incidence energy. Surface roughness is measured using a Scanning ...

To calculate the angular dependence of threshold sputtering energy on ratio target masses and incident ions, surface blocking phenomenon is used. It established that varies inversely proportional to cosine incidence angle primary beam (the measured from normal surface) power s/2 (s a exponent in interaction potential colliding particles). A comparison with literature data carried out. Keywords:...

We report high resolution state-to-state time-of-flight (TOF) measurements for scattering of HCl(v=2, J=1) from a Au(111) single crystal surface for both vibrationally elastic (v=2-->2) as well as inelastic (v=2-->1) channels at seven incidence energies between 0.28 and 1.27 eV. The dependences of the TOF results on final HCl rotational state and surface temperature are also reported. The trans...

BACKGROUND Distal radius is one of the most frequent sites for fractures in the elderly population. Despite this, there is a paucity of epidemiological data for distal radius fracture, in particular, distinguishing between high- and low-energy fractures. Our aim was to study the epidemiology of high- and low-energy distal radius fracture in middle-aged and elderly men and women in Southern Norw...

today’s knowledge on oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its rising incidence has encouraged researcher to illustrate relationship between barrett’s disease and progression to adenocarcinoma. the incidence of this disease has been accelerated sharply in current decades since people life has changed. studies have been demonstrated that several potential factors including genetical  and environmental ...

background: one of the most common cancers is skin cancer worldwide. since incidence and cost of treatment of the cancer are increasing, it is necessary to further investigate to prevent and control this disease. this study aimed to determine skin cancer trend and epidemiology in iran. methods: this study was done based on existing data. data used in this study were obtained from a national reg...

background listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from various foods and environments in temperate areas, tropical countries and different parts of iran. the bacterium as a psychrotrophic organism is capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures. objective the current study was conducted to determine the incidence of listeria spp. on the surfaces of domestic refrigerators in ahvaz city as a...

background: in iran, methadone has been used for methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) as well as analgesic treatment in pain clinics. recently, there are some reports regarding accidental and intentional methadone poisonings and deaths. the aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of methadone poisonings and deaths during a 10-year period in tehran, iran. methods: this was a retrospective c...

background: animal bite is an important and preventable health hazard. this study aimed to determine the epidemiology of animal bites in north khorasan province in iran.   materials and methods: data gathered from health centers from march 2005 until december 2011 were used for this cross-sectional descriptive study of animal bites.   results: a total of 18,517 animal bite cases were reported d...

The scattering of a hyperthermal Xe from a graphite(0001) surface has been studied using a molecular beam-surface scattering technique and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The angular and velocity distributions of scattered Xe atoms were measured at incidence energies from 0.45 to 3.5 eV, three incidence angles of 15◦, 35◦ and 60◦ and the surface temperatures of 300 K and 550 K. The observe...