We study a model of a stochastic process with unobserved parameters which suddenly change at random times. The possible parameter values are assumed to be from a finite but unknown set. Using a Chinese restaurant process prior over parameters we develop an efficient MCMC procedure for Bayesian inference. We demonstrate the significance of our approach with an application to systems biology data.

The classical algorithm approximate counting was recently modified by Cichon and Macyna: Instead of one counter, m counters are used, and the assignment of an incoming item to one of the counters is random. The parameter of interest is the sum of the values of all the counters. We analyse expectation and variance, getting explicit and asymptotic formulæ.

This paper presents efficient off-line anonymous e-cash schemes where a user can withdraw a wallet containing 2 coins each of which she can spend unlinkably. Our first result is a scheme, secure under the strong RSA and the y-DDHI assumptions, where the complexity of the withdrawal and spend operations is O(`+k) and the user’s wallet can be stored using O(`+k) bits, where k is a security parame...

In a digital signature scheme with message recovery, rather than transmitting the message m and its signature σ, a single enhanced signature τ is transmitted. The verifier is able to recover m from τ and at the same time verify its authenticity. The two most important parameters of such a scheme are its security and overhead |τ | − |m|. A simple argument shows that for any scheme with “n bits s...

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a “physical unclonable function” (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as a hardware device which implements a physical function with an output value that changes with its argument. A PUF can be clonable, but a secure PUF must be u...

One way that an anthropic selection mechanism may be manifest in a physical theory involves multiple domains in the universe with different values of the physical parameters. If this mechanism is to be relevant for understanding the small observed value of the cosmological constant, it may involve a mechanism by which some contributions to the cosmological constant can be fixed at a continuous ...

The Standard Model has a unique ground state (modulo SU(2)L rotations) and the 19 parameters of the model are uniquely fixed. However, when considering theories beyond the Standard Model, we have no evidence that this uniqueness will be preserved. In particular, string theory has continuous families of ground states, each with different values of the physical parameters, and we presently do not...

Shapley values, also known as Shapley–Shubik indices, measure the power that agents have in a weighted voting game. Suppose that agent weights are chosen randomly according to some distribution. We show that the expected Shapley values for the smallest and largest agent are independent of the quota for a large range of quotas, and converge exponentially fast to an explicit value depending only ...

We present an approach that allows one to bound the largest and smallest singular values of an N × n random matrix with iid rows, distributed according to a measure on R that is supported in a relatively small ball and linear functionals are uniformly bounded in Lp for some p > 8, in a quantitative (non-asymptotic) fashion. Among the outcomes of this approach are optimal estimates of 1±c √ n/N ...

We consider a variant of the game of Cops and Robbers, called Lazy Cops and Robbers, where at most one cop can move in any round. We investigate the analogue of the cop number for this game, which we call the lazy cop number. Lazy Cops and Robbers was recently introduced by Offner and Ojakian, who provided asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the lazy cop number of the hypercube. By investigati...