Ulrik Fischer Friis1, Jakob Dahlin2, Magnus Bruze2, Torkil Menné3 and Jeanne Duus Johansen1 1National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark, 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden, and 3Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University...

Currently, opioid-based drugs are the most effective pain relievers that are widely used in the treatment of pain. However, the analgesic efficacy of opioids is significantly limited by the development of tolerance after repeated opioid administration. Glutamate receptors have been reported to critically participate in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance, but the underlying mech...

Hyperexcitable reflex blinks are a cardinal sign of Parkinson's disease. The first step in the circuit linking the basal ganglia and brainstem reflex blink circuits is the inhibitory nigrostriatal pathway (Basso et al., 1996). The current study reports the circuits linking the superior colliculus (SC) to trigeminal reflex blink circuits. Microstimulation of the deep layers of the SC suppresses ...

Background and Purpose: Cryptococcus. magnus is a non-Cryptococcus neoformans species isolated from certain plants, soil, air, and arctic glaciers. Case report: This report describes a case of a 23-year-old Iranian female with pruritus and vaginal irritation. Conventional tests and molecular analysis of the samples of vaginal discharge were performed. The mentioned analyses revealed Cryptoc...

it has been reported that neurons in the vl pag projecting to nucleus raphe magnus (nrm) utilize excitatory amino acids as neurotransmitter. this projection plays an important role in the descending pain modulatory system. in order to determine the role of this pathway in pain perception, male rats received unilateral injection of ibotenic acid stereotaxically. for lesioning vl pag, unilateral ...

bstract—A single session of uncontrollable (inescapable ailshock, IS), but not controllable (escapable tailshock, ES), tress is known to selectively potentiate subsequent orphine-conditioned place preference in a dorsal raphe nuleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) dependent manner. Here, in ivo microdialysis is used to test the hypothesis that prior IS, ut not ES, will potentiate morphine-induced dopami...

Monoamine neurotransmitters include catecholamines and indoleamines. The most common catecholamines are do-pamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline, which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; whereas the most common indoleamine is serotonin (5-hydroxytrypta mine, 5-HT), which is produced from 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). In the central nervous system, monoamine neu-rotransmitters...

It has been reported that neurons in the VL PAG projecting to nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) utilize excitatory amino acids as neurotransmitter. This projection plays an important role in the descending pain modulatory system. In order to determine the role of this pathway in pain perception, male rats received unilateral injection of ibotenic acid stereotaxically. For lesioning VL PAG, unilateral ...