objective: the spice zingiber officinale or ginger possesses antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. the effects of this traditional herbal medicine on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) induced neurotoxicity have not yet been studied. the present study considers the effects of zingiber officinale on mdma-induced spatial memory impairment and apoptosis in the hippocampus of male...

background: characterizing the mechanical properties of brain tissue is deemed important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms underlying brain diseases. mechanical properties of very soft tissues, such as brain until recently have been attracted the attention of researchers because these tissues do not tolerate mechanical loads. the mechanical properties of brain tissue, h...

To clarify possible roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain edema, identification and quantitative analysis of hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in rat brains exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. Rat brain sampling was done by in situ freezing 24 and 72 hours after occlusion. Only a small amount of 15-HETE was found ...

Bromide and chloride are chemically related halide elements that the kidney works with to keep overall body content balanced. Also is a element known cause many neurotoxic other organs toxicity such as GIT tract , respiratory liver. Therefore, we aimed in present study on effect of bromide at daily intake doses investigate possible modulate its mechanism by measuring oxidant antioxidant impact ...

The binding of [3H]3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [( 3H]MDMA) to both rat brain membrane preparations and glass fiber filter papers was analyzed in the present study. Saturation studies indicate that [3H]MDMA binding is saturable and monophasic in both the presence and absence of rat brain membranes. This apparent 'specific' binding of [3H]MDMA in both the presence and absence of brain homog...

programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. casp...

Rats are widely used in experimental neurobiological research, and rat brain atlases are important resources for identifying brain regions in the context of experimental microsurgery, tissue sampling, and neuroimaging, as well as comparison of findings across experiments. Currently, most available rat brain atlases are constructed from histological material derived from single specimens, and pr...

Background: The induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus has shown to play a role in the beneficial effects of resveratrol (RSV) on the learning and memory. The BDNF gene has a complicated structure with eight 5’ noncoding exons (I-IXa), each of which can splice to a common coding exon (IX) to form a functional transcript. Estrogens increase levels of ...

Objective(s): To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its mechanism. Materials and Methods: The SAH rat model was constructed and pre-treated with EGb761.The neurological function, severity of SAH, water content of brain tissue, damage degree of the blo...

Objective(s) The mechanism(s) by which antidepressants regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remain elusive. The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) which exhibits antidepressant potential, appears to regulate the HPA axis activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the eCBs in the action of doxepin including its effect on the HPA axis. Materials and Methods Male Wist...