Experimental studies of common pool resource (CPR) dilemmas are frequently terminated with collapse of the resource; however, there is considerable evidence in real-world settings that challenge this finding. To reconcile this difference, we propose a two-stage model that links appropriation of the CPR and provision of public goods in an attempt to explain the emergence of cooperation in the ma...

Stable levels of P(FR) occur in light-grown suspension cultures of wild carrot. Upon darkening such tissue, P(R) accumulates until the high P(R) level characteristics of dark-grown tissue is reached. Data are compatible with the idea of an equilibrium between processes of synthesis and destruction in tissue grown in the light. Reappearance of phytochrome also follows light-induced pigment destr...

We build a general equilibrium model where growth is driven by two invention types: fundamental ideas that cause creative destruction, and derivative ideas that enhance the value of existing inventions. The model provides a new mapping from microeconomic, patent data to aggregate total factor productivity growth and the aggregate value of privately owned knowledge. We show how to measure the fr...

The first results from the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics particle accelerator refine a key reaction rate for destruction of fluorine in stars.

non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as iran. however, if natural resources are to be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources will be imperative. women are one of the prime users of natural resources. this study assesses the conservational behavior of rural women and factors influencing such behavio...

BACKGROUND Two novel genetic polymorphisms on chromosome 6q23 are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both polymorphisms (rs6920220 and rs10499194) reside in a region close to the gene encoding tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). TNFAIP3 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB and is involved in inhibiting TNF-receptor-mediated signalling effects. Int...