173 on the right side and coarse crackles are heard on right infrascapular region. A presumptive diagnosis of right lower lobe pneumonia with synpneumonic effusion was made. Blood routine and sputum examinations were within normal limits. Her symptoms responded to antibiotic and symptomatic measures. The follow-up X-ray showed a nonhomogenous opacity in the right lower zone [Figure 1]. Computed...

abstract   background: the x-ray machines used for radiodiagnosis should meet certain quality assurance (qa) programmes . these are necessary to have good quality radiographs at reasonably low exposure to patients.   materials and methods: dose reduction methods in abdomen x-ray examination were carried out in 10 hospitals in tehran. this paper presents the work, which was implemented on 200 pa...

Application of diagnostic X-ray examination to pregnant women is complicated since risks to both mother and embryo/fetus must be considered. Embryos and fetuses are more sensitive to radiation than adults or children. The threshold doses for fetal death, malformations and mental retardation which are deterministic effects, are reported to be 100-200 mGy or higher. The relative risk for childhoo...