considerable consequence of households’ consumption expenditure changes is on energy using in agricultural sector and in other economical sectors. the main objective of this paper was to study of consequences increasing rural and urban households expenditures on changing of energy using in agricultural sector and on producing of environmental pollutants in khorasan razavi province. for this pur...

Poverty rate in Indonesia is currently relatively high that requires real action from the government to reduce it. The efforts poverty are reflected expenditure. This research reveals regional expenditure effectiveness reducing and unemployment South Sulawesi Province. Data used panel data, which a combination of cross-section data 24 regencies city time series 2009-2018. will be analyzed using...

To achieve transformational government (T-Gov), the interaction between citizens and government should be explored under a new perspective enhancing citizens’ active participation. Web 2.0 paradigm could support many of the key features of such T-Gov interaction model. In this paper we explore the potential to utilize OpenSocial API to build OpenSocialGov, a set of libraries to construct Web 2....

the school environment is an environment wherein a student spends one third of his life with teachers and other students. in the present study, the safety levels of governmental and non-governmental schools were studied and compared. in a descriptive cross-sectional study we assessed schools safety using fire and life safety inspection checklist presented by the national fire prevention agency ...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in syria over the period 1970-2010. the johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. the granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

In recent years, public donation has already been widely accepted as an effective and efficient way to help people or communities who are in urgent needs of public help considering their current financial situations. The great influence of mass media has strongly raised people’s awareness of public donation. Many people are enthusiastic about public donation but have no idea about where to dona...

Slooten et al. (1) claim the survey respondents from New Zealand, one of 28 countries considered in our paper in PNAS (2), were strongly biased toward the fishing industry. The six survey responses comprised a range of background experience: three government/science respondents (added here as coauthors), including the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research’s Chief Scientist–Fisher...

Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are the main actors of vaccine delivery during complex humanitarian emergencies such as large population displacements. This paper discusses the use of vaccinations against measles, cholera and meningitis in this context. The role of NGOs in the advocacy for making new and more effective vaccines available to the most vulnerable populations is also emphasised.

BACKGROUND The aim of this analysis is to examine the effect of different assumptions about future trends in life expectancy (LE) on the sustainability of the pensions and long-term care (LTC) systems. The context is the continuing debate in England about the reform of state pensions and the reform of the system for financing care and support. METHODS Macro and micro simulation models are use...

Abstract The Central and Eastern European countries have made considerable economic progress since the capitalist transformation. This paper investigates whether there is a co-movement between two factors of well-being, improvement health status 1995 2018 compared to six founding Union (EU) member states. Applying Pedroni- Fisher-type cointegration test panel vector error correction model, our ...