Characters with phenotypic expression consisting of a response in one of several mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories are considered. Formulae relating heritability in the discrete, outward scale to heritability in underlying normal and exponential scales are presented. For the normal case with two response categories, results reduce to the well-known formula for heritability of binary ...

Abstract Background Heritability is a central measure in genetics quantifying how much of the variability observed trait attributable to genetic differences. Existing methods for estimating heritability are most often based on random-effect models, typically computational reasons. The alternative using fixed-effect model has received more limited attention literature. Results In this paper, we ...