background: respiratory problems are common after long bone fractures. the objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of early fixation of femoral shaft fracture on the incidence of respiratory problems.   methods: the results of early and late stabilization of femoral shaft fractures were studied in 150 patients. the patients were divided into two groups according to the ...

We estimated the dependence of the perceived depth on luminance ratio by increasing the distance between the front and rear planes of a depth-fused 3-D (DFD) display. When the distance is great, the perceived depth has the tendency of nonlinear dependence on luminance ratio, which is very different from the almost linear dependence in a shortdistance conventional DFD display. In a long-distance...

An ultralight manual wheelchair that allows users to independently adjust rear seat height and backrest angle during normal everyday usage was recently commercialized. Prior research has been performed on wheelchair tilt, recline, and seat elevation use in the community, however no such research has been done on this new class of manual ultralight wheelchair with "on the fly" adjustments. The o...

OBJECT A rotated head posture at the time of vehicular rear impact has been correlated with a higher incidence and greater severity of chronic radicular symptoms than accidents occurring with the occupant facing forward. No studies have been conducted to quantify the dynamic changes in foramen dimensions during head-turned rear-impact collisions. The objectives of this study were to quantify th...

BACKGROUND Most studies of rear-seated occupants have focused on or included pediatric occupants which may not translate to adults. This study examines passenger, driver, vehicle and crash characteristics for rear-seated adult occupants involved in side crashes. METHODS The National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (NASS/GES) for calendar years 2011-2014 was used with accom...

Considering backlash, time-varying mesh stiffness and radial clearance of bearing, nonlinear dynamic model of gear bearing flexible shaft system is established taking into account breathing crack in shaft and tooth wear. Nonlinear dynamic equations are solved by Runge-Kutta method. Effect of backlash, crack in shaft and tooth wear faults on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of gear-shaft-bearing s...

This paper describes a novel measurement method to accurately measure the rotating shaft tilt angle of rotating machine for alignment or compensation using a dual-axis inclinometer. A model of the rotating shaft tilt angle measurement is established using a dual-axis inclinometer based on the designed mechanical structure, and the calculation equation between the rotating shaft tilt angle and t...

BACKGROUND Femoral stress fractures tend to occur at the neck, medial proximal-shaft, and distal-shaft. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal femoral forces and moments during running. It was expected that larger loads would occur at these common sites of femoral stress fracture. METHODS Ten subjects ran at their preferred running speed over a force platform while motion cap...

A Multivariable Control System is designed for an Electromagnetic Bearing and Rotating Shaft System. The Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) methodology is used to design a robust Model Based Compensator (MBC). The electromagnetic bearing consists of an electromagnetic actuator, operated in magnetic "attractive" force mode, with permanent magnet biased coils. The per...

Safe driving performance includes the successful detection and avoidance of an impending collision. Of all crash types, rear end collisions account for a high number of vehicle crashes. For example, data from the NHTSA 2003 General Estimates system indicated that rear-end crashes accounted for 28% of police reported crashes in the United States and is a rate higher than other types of high cras...