To examine the basis of frequency receptive fields in auditory cortex (ACx), we have recorded intracellular (whole cell) and extracellular (local field potential, LFP) responses to tones in anesthetized rats. Frequency receptive fields derived from excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and LFPs from the same location resembled each other in terms of characteristic frequency (CF) and breadt...

This paper proposes a new method for the design, through simulated evolution, of biologically inspired receptive fields in feedforward neural networks (NNs). The method is intended to enhance pattern recognition performance by creating new neural architectures specifically tuned for a particular pattern recognition problem. It proposes a combined neural architecture composed of two networks in ...

The receptive fields of motor neurons to a hind leg were mapped by recording intracellularly from their cell bodies or from the muscle fibers they innervate while stimulating mechanoreceptors on the surface of that leg. Each motor neuron is affected by a specific array of receptors that make up its receptive field. Boundaries along the anteroposterior or dorsoventral axes of the leg divide the ...

Nearly 40 years ago, in the pages of this journal, Hubel and Wiesel provided the first description of receptive fields in the primary visual cortex of higher mammals. They defined two classes of cortical cells, "simple" and "complex", based on neural responses to simple visual stimuli. The notion of a hierarchy of receptive fields, where increasingly intricate receptive fields are constructed f...

Recent studies of children's tool innovation have revealed that there is variation in children's success in middle-childhood. In two individual differences studies, we sought to identify personal characteristics that might predict success on an innovation task. In Study 1, we found that although measures of divergent thinking were related to each other they did not predict innovation success. I...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal predictive relationships among variables that may contribute to poor phonological awareness skills in preschool-age children with speech-sound disorders. METHOD Forty-seven children with speech-sound disorders were assessed during the spring of their prekindergarten year and again at the end of their kindergarten year. Hierarch...

This study considered how far nonverbal cognitive, language and reading abilities are affected by common genetic influences in a sample of 312 typically developing Chinese twin pairs aged from 3 to 11 years. Children were individually given tasks of Chinese word reading, receptive vocabulary, phonological memory, tone awareness, syllable and rhyme awareness, rapid automatized naming, morphologi...

In this paper, we make a fundamental distinction between literacy attainment scores and the actual process of learning to read, and examine these two aspects of reading in atypical development. Reading skills in a group of children and adults with the genetic disorder Williams syndrome (WS) were compared to a group of typically developing children matched for reading age and receptive vocabular...