Interruption of cytokine signaling, by targeting either the cytokine itself or its cellular receptor, is a mainstay in the therapy for patients with rheumatic diseases. Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, has emerged as an important mediator of inflammatory responses. In a side-by-side examination of IL-33-deficient and IL-33 receptor (IL-33R)-deficient mice in the K/BxN ...

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) has in recent years been recognized as a key node in the complex signaling network of many different cancers. It is implicated in de novo and acquired resistance against therapies targeting other growth factor receptors, e.g., EGFR, HER2, and it is a major activator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Consequently, HER3 has attracted substantia...

Despite a decrease in mortality over the last decade, sepsis remains the tenth leading causes of death in western countries and one of the most common cause of death in intensive care units. The recent discovery of Toll-like receptors and their downstream signalling pathways allowed us to better understand the pathophysiology of sepsis-related disorders. Particular attention has been paid to To...

Opioids are a mainstay in acute pain management and produce their effects side (e.g., tolerance, opioid-use disorder immune suppression) by interaction with opioid receptors. I will discuss pharmacology some controversial areas of enquiry anaesthetic relevance. The main target is the µ (mu,MOP) receptor but other members family, δ (delta; DOP) κ (kappa; KOP) receptors also analgesic actions. Th...

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a key role in renin–angiotensin system regulation and amino acid homeostasis. Human ACE2 acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2. is also widely expressed epithelial cells of lungs, heart, kidney, pancreas. It considered an important drug target treating SARS-CoV-2 well pulmonary diseases, heart fa...

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (vegfr-2); a cell surface receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors, is a key pharmacological target involved in the cell proliferation/angiogenesis. it has been revealed that vegfr-2 induces proliferation through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. in this regard, targeting the vegfr-2 has been considered as an ...

background and objectives: presence of steroid hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) in the tumor tissues of various organs correlates with response to therapy and prognosis. since their role in ovarian cancer is still controversial, in this study we investigated the expression and prognostic value of the estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptors (pr) in ovarian papillary serous...

Abstract Targeting cancer stem cells (CSC) can serve as an effective approach toward limiting resistance to therapies. While basal-like (triple-negative) breast cancers encompass with CSC features, rational therapies remain poorly established. We show here that the receptor tyrosine kinase Met promotes YAP activity in and find enhanced within population. Interfering delayed formation, prevented...

Efficient treatment of disseminated ovarian cancer (OC) is challenging due to its heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Overexpression human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in approx. 30% 70% cancers, respectively, allows for co-targeted treatment. The clinical efficacy the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab patients with HER2-positive breast, gastr...

The study of mice with targeted disruptions of angiotensin receptor genes has provided new insights into the roles of the individual receptor subtypes, i.e., AT(1A), AT(1B), and AT(2), in growth, development, and the regulation of blood pressure.