A multichannel interferometer that uses a rotating grating to both disperse and Doppler shift an incident far-infrared laser beam is described. The laser beam is diffracted into a fan array of many (~ 10) beams that can be directed to probe the plasma along distinct chords. The phase-shift information is multiplexed in the frequency domain so that a single detector suffices to sense the recombi...

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors allow for sustained expression of transgene products from mouse liver following a single portal vein administration. Here a rAAV vector expressing human coagulation factor F.IX (hF.IX), AAV-EF1alpha-F.IX (hF.IX expression was controlled by the human elongation factor 1alpha [EF1alpha] enhancer-promoter) was injected into mice via the portal vein...

Dumps of a mining-metallurgical complex of post-Soviet Republics have accumulated a huge amount of technogenic waste products. Out of them, Kazakhstan alone has preserved about 20 billion tons. In the field of technogenic waste treatment, there is still no technical solution that leads it to be a profitable process. Recent global trends prompted scientists to focus on developing energy-saving a...

Previous work from this laboratory has indicated that intramolecular homologous recombination of polyomavirus (Py) DNA is dependent upon promoter structure or function. In this report, we demonstrate that Py DNA contains not two but three binding sites for transcription factor YY1, all located on the late side of viral origin of replication (ori) and the third well within the VP1 coding sequenc...

Serratia entomophila and Serratia proteamaculans cause amber disease in the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Larval disease symptoms include cessation of feeding, clearance of the gut, amber coloration, and eventual death. A 115-kb plasmid, pADAP, identified in S. entomophila is required for disease causation and, when introd...

AIM To develop a simple and rapid detection of HBV gene variants and prediction of lamivudine-resistance in patients. METHODS Initially, plasmids harboring the wild-type or mutant HBV DNA fragments were used in a model system. The technique was then applied to clinical samples for an analysis of YMDD mutations. The sera were extracted from chronic hepatitis patients who had received lamivudin...

We have identified circular DNAs containing the kappa light chain constant region (C kappa), as well as the excision products of V kappa-J kappa and V lambda-J lambda joining in adult mouse splenocytes. Analysis of C kappa-positive circular DNA clones revealed two recombination sites (intron recombining sequence [IRS]1 and -2) within the germline J kappa-C kappa intron region and the recombinin...

Recombineering, which is the use of homologous recombination for DNA engineering in Escherichia coli, usually uses antibiotic selection to identify the intended recombinant. When combined in a second step with counterselection using a small molecule toxin, seamless products can be obtained. Here, we report the advantages of a genetic strategy using CcdB as the counterselectable agent. Expressio...

Iterative, nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) are multidomain enzymes responsible for the construction of the core architecture of aromatic polyketide natural products in fungi. Engineering these enzymes for the production of non-native metabolites has been a long-standing goal. We conducted a systematic survey of in vitro "domain swapped" NR-PKSs using an enzyme deconstruction approach...

Every now and then a technology, or set of technologies, comes along that offers a rich set of components that can be combined and recombined to create new products. The arrival of these components then sets off a technology boom as innovators work through the possibilities. This is, of course, an old idea in economic history. Schumpeter (1934), p. 66 refers to “new combinations of productive m...