It has become generally accepted that the cement surrounding a proximal femoral implant should be not less than 2 mm thick and that it should be complete i.e. without any ‘windows’ in the mantle. The widely used Barrack grading for cementing included no comment on the thickness of the cement mantle on its introduction in 1992 [1]. The following year the ‘A’ grade was qualified by the addition o...

We revisit the far from equilibrium escape problem across a fluctuating potential barrier that is driven by asymmetric, unbiased dichotomous noise. Our closed analytical solution for arbitrary noise strengths reveals new aspects of the so-called ‘‘resonant-activation’’ effect and leads to interesting implications regarding far from equilibrium or externally controlled chemical reaction processe...

The paper shows how the diffusive movement of ions through a channel protein can be described as a chemical reaction over an arbitrary shaped potential barrier. The result is simple and intuitive but without approximation beyond the electrodiffusion description of ion movement.

We introduce a model detector which registers the passage of a particle through the detector location, without substantially perturbing the particle wave function. (The exact time of passage is not determined in such measurements.) We then show that our detector can operate in a classically forbidden region and register particles passing through a certain point under a potential barrier. We sho...