background: plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. sonography has been proposed for early and differential diagnosis of heel pain. materials and methods: the study was performed on patients with plantar fasciitis (n=40). after completing the demographic data, the pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (vas); foot and ankle function by foot and ankle ability me...

PURPOSE To introduce myectomy of the lateral rectus muscle for correcting exotropia in patients with third nerve palsy. METHODS The lateral rectus muscle of the paretic eye was myectomized without suturing it to the globe. This was combined with a medial rectus muscle resection and a contralateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to observe the re-atta...

Fascia is a widely used yet indistinctly defined anatomical term that is concurrently applied to the description of soft collagenous connective tissue, distinct sections of membranous tissue, and a body pervading soft connective tissue system. Inconsistent use of this term is causing concern due to its potential to confuse technical communication about fascia in global, multiple discipline- and...

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia METHODS A retrospective analysis was made of thirtypatients who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection for recurrent exotropia. All had prior bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Data w...

Lateral approach spine surgery provides effective interbody stabilization, and correction and indirect neural decompression with minimal-incision and less invasive surgery compared with conventional open anterior lumbar fusion. It may also avoid the trauma to paraspinal muscles or facet joints found with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. However, beca...

The pattern of formation of the human rectus sheath exhibits variations, it is not clear if these variations are population specific. This study aimed at describing the pattern of formation of the rectus sheath in a select Kenyan population. Formation of the rectus sheath was analyzed in eighty subjects (47 male, 33 female) during autopsies and cadaveric dissection. The anterior wall of the rec...

The rectus abdominis is a workhorse flap for perineal reconstruction, in particular after abdominoperineal resection (APR). Laparoscopic and robotic techniques for abdominoperineal surgery are becoming more common. The open harvest of the rectus abdominis negates the advantages of these minimally invasive approaches. (Sentence relating to advantages of laparoscopic rectus deleted here.) We pres...

AIM Analysis of the pectoral fascia from a macroscopic and histological point of view. RESULTS The pectoral fascia appears as a thin collagen layer (mean thickness of 297 microm) formed by undulated collagen fibres and many elastic fibres, within which small nerves are highlighted. Numerous septa detach from its internal surface, creating an intimate connection between the fascia and the pect...

Although there is detailed knowledge on the organization of the motor neurons supplying the extraocular muscles, there are still some discrepancies concerning the results of different studies. This study is planned to reexamine the distribution of the motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the rat. In the present study we used 20 young adult Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups which represen...