Rheuniatic fever is a recurrent disease which frequently can be prevented. Infection with group A streptococci precipitates both initial and recurrent attacks; therefore, prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease depends upon the control of streptococcal infections. This may be accomplished, one by prevention of streptococcal infections in rheumatic subjects, and, two by early a...

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare primary myelopoiesis disorder, characterized by persistent severe neutropenia and early-onset bacterial infections. Herein, we describe an 11-month-old male who was referred with recurrent cutaneous infections and chronic diarrhea. Serial complete blood counts indicated persistent neutropenia. Bone marrow aspiration of the patient demonstrated matur...

urinary tract infection (uti) is a common disease in childhood specially in female. in this study 50 patients with stablished diagnosis of uti were evaluated by both renal scan with tc-99m dmsa and renal sonography. the study revealed that most urinary tract infections are in children, female sex between 5-9 years of age. therefore the most important complications (renal scarring) are also comm...

A 3-yr-old female patient exhibited interleukin 12 (IL-12) deficiency that was associated with recurrent episodes of pneumococcal pneumonia with sepsis and other infections in the absence of fevers. The patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibited normal proliferative responses to antigens. Immune responses, including in vivo production of antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, or...

Infections involving cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) remain an unfortunate indication for repeated device-related procedures, including extractions and reimplantations. Recurrent infections involving transvenous leads and superficial device pockets may eventually lead to epicardial lead implantation and generator placement in deeper tissue planes, both of which require a m...

Recurrent cystitis is a common clinical entity that is becoming increasingly challenging to manage. The current thought regarding the pathogenesis of these infections is evolving as new data emerges to suggest that some recurrences may originate from previously unrecognized reservoirs of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. This article will summarize recent conceptual changes with respect to the ae...

Background Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare desease caused by a primary complex immunodeficiency, with IgE serum levels over 2,000U/mL. The syndrome is characterized by the following triad: 1) recurrent staphylococcal abscesses, 2) recurrent airway infections; 3) elevated serum IgE concentration. Our pacient presented signs that are compatible with HIES in distinct moments of his...

Job’s syndrome is characterized by the clinical features of fair skin, red hair, recurrent cold, staphylococcal skin abscesses with concurrent other bacterial infections and skin lesions. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare immune deficiency presenting with a trial of recurrent skin and pulmonary infections elevated IgE and eczematous reactions. The aim of this article is to review ...

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Approximately 50%-60% of adult women experience a UTI during their lifetime. Further‐ more, a significant number of patients can be characterized as having recurrent UTIs if they meet the criteria of ≥2 uncomplicated UTIs in 6 months or ≥3 positive cultures within the preceding 12 months. Applying this defi...

a common cause for community acquired pneumonia, but recurrent infections are unusual in a young, healthy non-smoker. Thus repeated infections with these organisms should prompt investigations for possible underlying immunodeficiency. When evaluating patients with recurrent infection, use the acronym SPUR (severe, persistent, unusual, or recurrent) to prompt appropriate investigations for under...