In this case report, we present a with an unusually high course of inferior thyroid artery and its relationship the recurrent laryngeal nerve on right side neck 91 years-old formalin fixed male cadaver. Dissection showed that gave off branches between following sharp curvature descending downward to gland. Knowledge such variation location is important for surgical radiological procedures.

To investigate whether efferent parasympathetic fibers to the tracheal smooth muscle course through the pararecurrent nerve rather than the recurrent or the superior laryngeal nerve, we stimulated all three nerves in anesthetized dogs. We also recorded the pararecurrent nerve activity response to bronchoconstrictor stimuli and compared it with pressure changes inside a saline-filled cuff of an ...

Despite many advances in surgical techniques during the last several decades, the risk for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroid and parathyroid surgery has only declined, not disappeared. RLN monitoring is an attempt to reduce the risk of nerve injury during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. In this article, the author discusses how to use RLN monitoring, its effectiveness, and ...

CONTEXT With the advent of modern anatomical and functional imaging technologies, application of cervical mediastinoscopy has decreased in diagnosis and staging of mediastinal diseases. AIM To evaluate the usefulness of cervical mediastinoscopy in assessing the mediastinal disease when imaging modalities are non-diagnostic. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective analysis of records of a tertiary...

Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare in the absence of parenchymal lung disease. We report such a case, which was complicated by the subsequent development of a left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and in which there was a strong family history of SLE.

Introduction Intraoperative complications of tracheostomy are well described in the literature. These include hemorrhage, perforation of the walls of the trachea and esophagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, intraoperative fire, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, and tube displacement. We present an unusual complication encountered during a routine tracheostomy that resulted from severe tra...