In red clover seed production, low yield is limiting the commercial exploitation of tetraploid clover. To explore if pollination factor for in clover, we investigated pollinator behaviour and plant reproductive success diploid (2x) cultivar ‘Rajah' (4x) ‘Amos' using honey bee hand approaches. We measured set at flower head level with increasing visitation rate bees (one bee, two open pollinatio...

The objective was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on agronomic performance maize during five crop seasons in a clayey Inceptisol with reduced mineral nitrogen (N) inputs. treatments were seven single crops: white oats (Avena sativa L.), black strigose Schreb.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum canola (Brassica napus vetch (Vicia fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L. and red clover (Trifol...

Abstract Background In organic crop farms, growing yields are limited by insufficient nitrogen supply to plants and weediness. such legume swards proposed as a service improve cycling. However, positive effect of is not only on cereals but also weeds. rotation, can stimulate the competition using above-ground mass control spread The effects following methods for weeds were analyzed: (i) forage ...

Trifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape u...

Abstract The use of ‘cut-and-carry’ (the mechanical harvesting and feeding fresh grass) has increased in some temperate regions recent years evidence suggests that sward management practices this system differ to conventional grazing. In order investigate further, a 2 × 3 factorial experiment was used examine the effect low (1489 kg dry matter (DM)/ha; LHM) high (2142 DM/ha; HHM) pre-cutting he...