purpose: to study the validity and reliability of subjective refraction, predicted phoropter refraction (ppr) measured by zywave aberrometer, and final surgical plan applied for laser vision correction. methods: this prospective study was conducted on 94 myopic or myopic astigmatic eyes (48 patients) who were candidates for refractive surgery in negah eye hospital from april 2012 to july 2012. ...

INTRODUCTION Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia. OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Childre...

tandardization of reporting outcomes has been aspired to since the inception of laser refractive surgery and a standard format was initially proposed by Waring in 1992,1 formalized in a joint effort by the editorial staffs of the Journal of Refractive Surgery and the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in the familiar set of six Standard Graphs summarizing efficacy, predictability, safet...

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of corneal irregularity on astigmatism assessment using automated keratometry (AK) (IOLMaster) versus ray tracing keratometry (Pentacam). This is an observational case series approved by the institutional review board of Dongguk University Hospital, Goyang, South Korea. A total of 207 eyes of 207 cataract patients were included. Preoperative corne...

purpose: to assess the efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) for correction of residual myopia and astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (pk). methods: in this prospective interventional case series, lasik was performed on 14 eyes of 13 patients unable to wear glasses or contact lenses after pk. the interval between lasik and pk was at least one year. all patients had...

SEPTEMBER 2010 CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGERY TODAY EUROPE 25 A stigmatism is an optical defect that may lead to shadowing, loss of contrast sensitivity, distortion, blurred vision, and ghosting. There are two types of astigmatism, regular and irregular. Irregular astigmatism is often caused by a corneal scar or scattering in the crystalline lens. It is estimated that astigmatism of more than -0...

INTRODUCTION Refractive surgery is considered a safe and effective method for correction of refractive errors in adults. OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of a young child with partially accommodative esotropia presenting with deterioration of vision and worsening of esotropia following refractive surgery. CASE REPORT Unanticipated and progressive irregular corneal astigmatism along with ...

PURPOSE To describe spherical equivalent (sph eq) refractive errors in preschool members of a Native American tribe with a high prevalence of astigmatism. METHODS Cycloplegic autorefraction measurements were obtained for 819 three- and four-year-old Tohono O'odham children, with follow-up measurements in 146 after 4 to 8 years. RESULTS Mean sph eq was significantly more hyperopic in the ast...

PURPOSE To determine the precision (repeatability) of several methods of calculating refraction from higher-order wavefront aberration data and to compare these wavefront refractions with lower-order (LO) wavefront refraction, subjective refraction, and autorefraction. METHODS Four clinicians refracted 16 normal participants aged 23.6 +/- 1.2 years, 69% female with an average spherical equiva...

We develop formulas for calculating the approximate depth of focus of any eye. They show that the magnitude of depth of focus is inversely proportional to the size of the eye and to its visual acuity. One particular implication of these quantitative relations. which is supported by previous data from rats and human infants, is that small eyes with low acuity should have large depths of focus. W...