INTRODUCTION Refractive ophthalmic surgery allows refractive errors to be corrected permanently in a safe, effective, and reliable way with few complications. METHODS Selective literature review with special reference to the guidelines of the German Commission for Refractive Surgery. RESULTS With a total of almost 18 million treatments performed to date, laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)...

The use of femtosecond lasers has created an evolution in modern corneal and refractive surgery. With accuracy, safety, and repeatability, eye surgeons can utilize the femtosecond laser in almost all anterior refractive procedures; laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), insertion of intracorneal ring segments, anterior ...

This study was carried out with the objective of finding refractive status of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery for cataract extraction. Success of cataract surgery can be quantified with the improvement in visual acuity with least amount of refractive error. Prospective study of 44 patients was done pre operatively and with subsequent follow up in the first, third and eighth week...

IS IT REALLY REVERSIBLE? In the January/February 2001 issue of the Journal of Refractive Surgery, Asbell and colleagues reported the reversible effect of the intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs). 1 They presented compelling evidence to suggest that Intacs can be removed with full reversibility of refractive effect. This is the first corneal refractive surgical procedure to claim reversib...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the refractive results on a large cohort of patients who were implanted spherical or toric multifocal IOL's for cataract surgery or for refractive purpose. Preoperative refractive investigations included auto refractometer topography, pentacam, contact and noncontact biometry and many non-refractive investigations. The target in multifocal IOL usage was ...

Improved efficacy, predictability, and safety of modern phacoemulsification have resulted in cataract surgery being considered as a refractive procedure. Refractive lens exchange by definition is a surgery aimed at replacing the cataractous or clear crystalline lens with an intraocular lens (IOL) in cases of high ametropia. The excellent intraocular optics of this procedure provide a better vis...

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 2008, 19:357–362 Purpose of review Corneal refractive procedures have become increasingly popular over the past decade allowing patients to have excellent uncorrected visual acuity and spectacle independence. As these individuals mature, many will eventually undergo cataract surgery. With the advances in modern cataract surgery and lens implant technology, parti...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation to correct ectasia in eyes with prior refractive surgery. METHODS Forty-one eyes of 25 patients (13 men, 12 women; mean age, 28.66 years) with ectasia after refractive surgery [photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)] were included in a nonrandomized, retrospect...