In this study, the optical properties of glycated (HbA1c) and non-glycated (Hb) hemoglobin are compared using Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), spectrofluorimetry, refractometry. Analysis spectral shift SERS spectra showed good discrimination between two hemoglobins indicating differences in their molecular structure. The fluorescence measured at excitation wavelengths 260, 270, 280 n...

In-line holographic microscopy of micrometer-scale colloidal spheres yields heterodyne scattering patterns that may be interpreted with Lorenz-Mie theory to obtain precise time-resolved information on the refractive index of the suspending medium. We demonstrate this approach to spatially resolved refractometry with measurements on calibrated refractive index standards, and use it to monitor ch...

PURPOSE To investigate mean ocular refraction (MOR) and astigmatism, over the human age range and compare severity of refractive error to earlier studies from clinical populations having large age ranges. METHODS For this descriptive study patient age, refractive error and history of surgery affecting refraction were abstracted from the Waterloo Eye Study database (WatES). Average MOR, standa...

In this study, the static and dynamic electronic polarizability of benzonitrile is reported. This property was determined using refraction index measurements of neat benzonitrile and CCl4, THF, C6H12 and CH3CN diluted solutions. The real refractive index of pure benzonitrile was obtained by refractometry, FTIR transmission spectroscopy and Kramers-Krönig transform. These results indicate that t...

PURPOSE Chicks emmetropize accurately to experimentally induced myopic and hyperopic defocus. The authors investigated the emmetropization response when a specific proportion of the retina was exposed to myopic defocus while the remainder was exposed to (competing) hyperopic defocus. METHODS Normal chicks (14-15 days old) were fitted monocularly with a "lens-cone" device that exposed a specif...

Dear Sir: In 1964 Savitz, Sidel, and Solomon (1964) produced evidence that the relation of red cell volume to the reciprocal of the external osmotic pressure was linear in a range from 480 to 192 milliosmols. From Savitz, Sidel, and Solomon's results, it may be calculated that the mean fraction of cell water which is apparently osmotically active was 0.81 over the hypertonic ranges of their exp...

Early detection of a refractive error and its correction are extremely important for the prevention of amblyopia (poor vision). The golden standard in the detection of refractive errors is retinoscopy--a method where the pupils are dilated in order to exclude accomodation. This results in a more accurate measurement of a refractive error. Automatic computer refractometer is also in use. The stu...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market. METHODS The study sample was composed of 10 commercial brands of mouthwashes based on different active ingredients: Cepacol(R), Clinerize(R), Equate(R), Listerine Cool Citrus(R), Oral-B(R), Periogard(R), Peroxyl(R), Plax Overnight(R), P...

PURPOSE To assess prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in schoolchildren in Greater Beijing. METHODS The school-based, cross-sectional Greater Beijing School Children Myopia study was carried out in the year 2016 in 54 schools randomly selected from 15 districts in Beijing. Non-cycloplegic auto-refractometry of the right eyes was performed. RESULTS The study included ...