The term resistant hypertension has been used since the early 1960s to identify patients with difficult-to-treat hypertension, meaning mostly, resistance to pharmacological therapy. In the 5 decades since the term was seemingly first applied, resistant hypertension has been consistently defined as failure to control high blood pressure despite of use of ≥3 antihypertensive agents of different c...

CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old woman with a history of an olfactory neuroblastoma treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical resection 13 years ago was admitted for evaluation and treatment of persistent nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and dehydration. The patient suffered from significant cosmetic defects since resection of the neuroblastoma, and had undergone a left eyebrow lift 1 year be...

The majority of rabbits receiving intradermal, intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of moccasin venom became refractory to the development of the Shwartzman phenomenon. An incubation period of about 14 days was required for their resistance to develop. The incidence of refractory animals was inversely proportional within limits to the amount of toxin given intravenously to elicit the Shwar...

Objective To study the presentation and treatment in two infants who presented with refractory Sandifer syndrome (SS). Study Design We retrospectively reviewed the cases of two infants who presented to our outpatient clinic with SS who were refractory to conventional treatment. Results We report two patients with refractory SS who responded to treatment with hypoallergenic formula. Conclusion I...

PURPOSE To estimate the short-term variability of macular thickness in eyes with refractory and regressed diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS In this retrospective review of consecutive cases from a retina practice, optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of macular thickness were extracted from the clinical charts of patients with refractory DME and regressed DME. Variation in macu...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of quinidine and mexiletine on the adaptation of ventricular refractoriness to a change in heart rate. The ventricular effective refractory period was measured at a basic drive cycle length of 500 msec with basic drive train durations of two beats, eight beats, 20 beats and 3 minutes. The ventricular refractory periods were measured in the ...

The effects of pacing-induced changes in cycle length on the refractory periods of the atrium, A-V node and His-Purkinje system were studied in 24 patients using the extra stimulus technique. Refractory period determinations were made at two or more cycle lengths in all patients. Slopes relating cycle length and refractory periods were calculated using the least squares method. Both the effecti...