ing from discount window shocks I first consider the case in which shocks emanating from the discount window, υ, are small enough to ignore. To remove the effects of ε from NBR, CEE make the following identification assumption: that aggregate output, y, and the aggregate price level, p, contemporaneously reflect the effects of ε, and not the effects of μ. Their a priori reasoning behind this cr...

Various methods to control the influence of a covariate on a response variable are compared. In particular, ANOVA with or without homogeneity of variances (HOV) of errors and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) tests on covariate-adjusted residuals and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) are compared. Covariate-adjusted residuals are obtained from the overall regression line fit to the entire data set ignoring th...

Lidar data provide accurate measurements of forest canopy structure in the vertical plane however current lidar sensors have limited coverage in the horizontal plane. Landsat data provide extensive coverage of generalized forest structural classes in the horizontal plane but are relatively insensitive to variation in forest canopy height. It would therefore be desirable to integrate lidar and L...

SUMMARY The primary objective of this study was to assess a human-induced dryland degradation in the cachment basin of the Balkhash Lake in the Middle Kazakhstan based on time series of rainfall data and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the period 1985-2000. We developed a method to remove the climatic signal from the change in vegetation activity over the study period. By appl...

In many time-to-event studies, particularly in epidemiology, the time of the first observation or study entry is arbitrary in the sense that this is not a time of risk modification. We present a formal argument that, in these situations, it is not advisable to take the first observation as the time origin, either in accelerated failure time or proportional hazards models. Instead, we advocate u...

The question whether a time series behaves as a random walk or as a stationary process is an important and delicate problem, particularly arising in financial statistics, econometrics, and engineering. This paper studies the problem to detect sequentially that the error terms in a polynomial regression model no longer behave as a random walk but as a stationary process. We provide the asymptoti...

In recent days, large-sized flat-panel display (FPD) has been increasingly applied to computer monitors and TVs. Mura defects, appearing as low contrast or non-uniform brightness region, sometimes occur in manufacturing of the Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Displays (TFT-LCD). Implementation of automatic Mura inspection methods is necessary for TFT-LCD production. Various existing Mura det...