Frequent tanning has reinforcing properties. We tested whether opioid antagonism blocks potential reinforcing effect of indoor tanning in 8 frequent tanners and 8 infrequent tanner control subjects. Opioid blockade reduced ultraviolet preference in frequent tanners. Four of 8 frequent tanners, but no infrequent tanners, exhibited withdrawal-like symptoms with naltrexone administration. A limita...

Nicotine is thought to be the key substance responsible for tobacco-smoking habits and appears to trigger reinforcement via the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Recently, multiple anatomical substrates for drug reinforcement have been identified in the vicinity of the ventral midbrain. In addition to the posterior portion of the VTA, the central linear nucleus raphé and the supramammillary nucleus...

In mine roadway support operations, floor bolting not only played a role in floor heave control, but also in reinforcing roof and its two sides. Correspondingly, bolting of roof and two sides also played a part in floor heave control. To quantify the effect of such bolting, based on roadway support in extremely weak rock, three physical models were produced and tested in laboratory. Through com...

The bond characteristics of deformed reinforcing bars are investigated ctnd design equations for development and splice lengths are obtained with the goal of improving the bond strength of steel reinforcing bars to concrete. The research includes both experimental and analytical studies. The experimental studies involved evaluating the performance of deformed steel reinforcing bars with differe...

BACKGROUND One of the most important challenges in public health is to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Depression, self-care capacity, and quality of life interact each other in these patients. It's difficult to treat with general education programs and conventional therapy. PRECEDE model is a comprehensive and exclusive theory-based education programs....

In this paper, moment-curvature behavior and ductility of prestressed concrete members based on nonlinear analysis is investigated. Influence of various design parameters on ductility of flexural members is determined according to appropriate materials models for stress-strain curves of concrete, prestressing steel and conventional reinforcements. Parameters studied include reinforcing index (ω...

Formalizations of commonsense knowledge rely on highly simplified representations of the world. After a conclusion is justified on the basis of one such representation in a nonmonotonic logic, it may not remain valid when additional relevant facts are taken into account to bring the formalization to a closer approximation of reality. However, if the conclusion continues to hold in the enriched ...

Contributing with and using knowledge is a communication process among the organization’s actors. As a communication process, the transfer of knowledge among actors can only be effective if there is a common interpretive focus and context where they can understand each other and communicate. The concept of context plays an important role in collaboration, specially on what is concerned to facil...

We explore optimization methods for planning the placement, sizing and operations of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices installed into the grid to relieve congestion created by load growth or fluctuations of intermittent renewable generation. We limit our selection of FACTS devices to those that can be represented by modification of the inductance of the transmissi...