efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

 In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming on salinity modification of safflower (cv. Goldasht), a hydroponic experiment was conducted at Research Greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2009. Priming treatments at 4 levels (no priming as control, and priming with distilled water, NaCl and Ca(NO3)2 for 24 hours) and salinity treatments at 4 levels (0, 8, 16 and 24...

Cadmium as an environmental pollutant heavy metals have effect on morphological and physiological activities in plants. Selenium, an essential element had beneficial effects on enhanced tolerance in plants against environmental stresses. In the investigation, from Cadmium chloride concentrations 0, 350, 700 µM supplied with added to soil and Sodium selenat 0, 1.5, 3 mg L-1 as a foliar applicati...

Heavy metals (HMs) are hazardous environmental pollutants which by entering the food chain cause harm to humans, plants and other organisms. In order to study the effects of salinity and lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) HMs on spinach plant, a factorial, pot experiment, based on complete randomized blocks design, was carried out in 2013 in College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology. Tr...

To determine the effects of salinity and boron excess in irrigation water on relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate on a leaf weight basis (NAR), and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of pistachio, three pistachio rootstocks (Badami -Zarand, Sarakhs and Ghazvini) were used. Rootstocks were grown in soil in eight-liter polyethylene pots. Sodium chloride treatments were 0, 75,150 and 225 mM NaCl...

For comparing the effects of two planting substrates on vegetative growth, flowering rate, fruit appearance and qualities, yield of four bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cultivars, a greenhouse 4×2 factorial experiment was done by using a completely randomized design with 4 replications. First factor was 80% cocopeat + 20% perlite and 80% mosspeat + 20% perlite and the second one was four bell p...

magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a notable medical imaging technique that makes of phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance. because of the resolution and the technology being harmless, mri has considered as the most desirable imaging technique in clinical applications. the visual quality of mri plays an important role in accuracy of medical delineations that can be seriously degraded by exi...