Poor solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a great challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and, hence, drug nanocrystals are widely studied as one solution to overcome these solubility problems. Drug nanocrystals have comparatively simple structures which make them attractive for the formulation for poorly soluble drugs, and their capability to improve the dissolution in v...

It is important to study the effects of air condensation in hypersonic wind tunnels and to establish the degree of supersaturation achievable because savings in heating requirements or increase in Mach number may be achieved. The degree of supersaturation measured in this tunnel shows that with the present heater the upper limit on Mach number may be extended 22 from M = 9 to M = 12. Proof test...

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 871 85-1 056 PT"3 1 j 3 r 3 q a,,3 We show that Fe, Coy Cu, and Au impurities in Si are strongly gettered to boron-silicideprecipitates formed by supersaturation B implantation and annealing. Effective binding fr energies relative to interstitial solution range from somewhat above 1 to more than 2 eV. The B-Si precipitates formed at temperat...

Nutrient intake and urine composition were analyzed in calcium oxalate (CaOx)stone-forming and healthy control dogs to identify factors that contribute to CaOx urolithiasis. Stone-forming dogs had significantly lower intake of sodium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus and significantly higher urinary calcium and oxalate concentrations, calcium excretion, and CaOx relative supersaturation (RSS)...

Water electrolysis in a microsystem is observed and analyzed on a short-time scale of ∼10 μs. The very unusual properties of the process are stressed. An extremely high current density is observed because the process is not limited by the diffusion of electroactive species. The high current is accompanied by a high relative supersaturation, S > 1000, that results in homogeneous nucleation of bu...

Water-insoluble materials containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are an emerging category of drug carriers which can effectively improve dissolution kinetics and kinetic solubility of poorly soluble drugs. ASDs based on water-insoluble crosslinked hydrogels have unique features in contrast to those based on conventional water-soluble and water-insoluble carriers. For example, solid molecu...

A classic result of Erdős and, independently, of Bondy and Simonovits [3] says that the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex graph not containing C2k, the cycle of length 2k, is O(n1+1/k). Simonovits established a corresponding supersaturation result for C2k’s, showing that there exist positive constants C, c depending only on k such that every n-vertex graph G with e(G) ≥ Cn contains at leas...

Kinetic equations describing nucleation on active centers are solved numerically to determine the number of supercritical nuclei, nucleation rate, and the number density of nuclei for formation both of droplets from vapor and also crystalline phase from vapor, solution, and melt. Our approach follows standard nucleation model, when the exhaustion of active centers is taken into account via the ...

Crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O) in sodium chloride solutions at different supersaturation (δ = 1.2–2), pH =3, ionic strength (I = 0.5 M) and at 80°C was studied. The influence of aluminum and magnesium nitrates having very low concentrations (10 mol dm) on the rate of crystallization at different supersaturation was investigated. The rate of crystallization was found t...

Although amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates are two types of aggregates formed by denatured proteins, their relationship currently remains unclear. We used β2-microglobulin (β2m), a protein responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis, to clarify the mechanism by which proteins form either amyloid fibrils or amorphous aggregates. When ultrasonication was used to accelerate the spontaneous...