in mobile ad hoc networks, the absence ofinfrastructure and the consequent absence of authorizationfacilities impede the usual practice of establishing a practicalcriterion to distinguishing nodes as trusted and distrusted.since all nodes in the manets would be used as router inmulti-hop applications, secure routing protocols have vital rulein the security of the network. so evaluating the perf...

To reduce distribution risk and improve the efficiency of medical materials delivery under major public health emergencies, this paper introduces a drone routing problem with time windows. A mixed-integer programming model is formulated considering contactless delivery, total travel time, customer service Utilizing Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition, proposed optimization converted into path-based mas...

Bupivacaine infiltration of the mesosalpinx was compared to lidocaine, normal saline or no injection for pain relief in women having elective laparoscopic tubal sterilization by Yoon fallopian ring application. One hundred women were assigned randomly to four groups. In a double-blind study, the mesosalpinx was infiltrated in three groups: Group 1 - lidocaine one per cent; Group II - bupivacain...

Background Pain is, by nature, a subjective experience influenced by social, psychological, and experiential factors. Nowadays, pain relief is considered an imperative of the pediatric emergency nursing. Analgesia administration influences the entire child’s medical experience and can have a lasting effect on patient and family’s reaction to current and future medical cares [1]. Pain assessment...

in this study the location routing problem with fuzzy parameters is taken into account, this problem involves determining the location of the depots and routing of the vehicles in order to serve the customers. in this study a location routing problem with fuzzy travel times and due dates is considered and two objective models are proposed. the considered objectives are minimizing the total cost...

Abstract- Efficient message delivery in city environment is required to ensure driver’s safety and passenger’s comfortability. In cities of developed nations, routing of data in vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) faces many challenges such as radio obstacles, mobility constraints and uneven nodes distribution. These factors primarily makes communication between vehicles complex. To overcome and t...

Network survivability has been studied extensively from the view of node and link failures. The domain of survivability goes beyond just the physical failures and one needs to address this issue when faced with security threats that can render the network logically dysfunctional without causing any physical damage. There are several security threats a network routing protocol such as the linkst...

Multi-constraint quality-of-service routing will become increasingly important as the Internet evolves to support real-time services. It is well known however, that optimum multi-constraint QoS routing is computationally complex, and for this reason various heuristics have been proposed for routing in practical situations. Among these methods, those that use a single mixed metric are the mo...