Almost all African states experience substantial and widespread political insecurity in a variety of forms. This analysis explains how relationships between groups and governments create incentives and disincentives for distinct forms of political violence to emerge. It argues that ethno-regional communities across Africa are situated within a power hierarchy that determines their relative impo...

The article presents a theoretical and conceptual examination of religious violent unethical non-violent behaviors, ethnopolitical clerical synergism, peace-building capacity. I argue that the phenomenon religious/ethnic interchangeability adopted by national political behavior has adverse consequences on post-Yugoslav social reconciliation process; religions should be moral agency. multiethnic...

This article aims to discusses Johan Galtung's perspective in analyzing the conflict that occurred between Madura and Malay ethnic groups Sambas through concept of violence. The has been seen as a natural process community life with cultural, religious, ideological elements involved. 1999 regency happened sporadically formed into is constructed negativity an unwanted event. Theorists see can be...

BACKGROUND Rape of women and children is recognized as a health and human rights issue in Tanzania and internationally. Exploration of the prevailing perceptions in rural areas is needed in order to expand the understanding of sexual violence in the diversity of Tanzania's contexts. The aim of this study therefore was to explore and understand perceptions of rape of women and children at the co...

There is a consensus among psychological theorists indicating that beliefs and behaviors are related. Since most of the homogeneous and institutionalized tenets among social groups and people, religious beliefs relation with behaviors is a theme deserved to be studied. Examining the relation between religious beliefs and risky behaviors will help to predict and prevent such behaviors. Most psyc...

Sikh religion originated under the shade of Hinduism and Islam in India. It shaped itself as a distinct category away from “Hinduism”. While Muslim Rulers that era tried to contain influence Sikhism, Hindu elites 19th 20th centuries assimilate Sikhs treated them sect within Hinduism. This paper tries map quest Sikhism for maintaining its identity resisting attempts assimilation. The Khalistan m...