The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of the normal recommended dose of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients and to establish whether the current daily dosing recommendation maintains plasma concentrations adequate for antibacterial efficacy. Ceftriaxone at a recommended dose of 2 g iv was administered od to 12 critically ill patients with severe sepsis and normal...

Background In clinical practice, the occurrence of anemia in very old people is likely to be caused by an age-related low erythropoietin response. Erythropoietin response depends on renal function, which is often compromised in old age. The aim of our study was to unravel the relation between erythropoietin, hemoglobin and renal function in the oldest old. Methods Within the Leiden 85-plus Stud...

BACKGROUND Digoxin is a frequently prescribed drug, particularly in the elderly population, in which there is an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation and cardiac failure. With its complex pharmacokinetic profile and narrow therapeutic index, use of digoxin requires regular monitoring of blood levels. Recent evidence suggests that a lower concentration range (0.4-1.0 ng/mL) is preferable ...

Residual renal function not only provides small-solute clearance, but also plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance, phosphorus control, and removal of middle-molecular uremic toxins and shows strong inverse relationships with valvular calcification and cardiac hypertrophy in dialysis patients. The original CANUSA study, in which total (peritoneal and renal) small-solute clearance s...

Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for renal impairment in adult life. The effects of LBW and renal function were studied by using twins, which allows distinguishing among fetoplacental, maternal, and genetic influences. Perinatal data were obtained at birth, and absolute creatinine clearance (not corrected for body surface area) was measured at a mean age ...

Efficient renal clearance has been observed from ultrasmall zwitterionic glutathionecoated gold nanoparticles (GS-AuNPs), which have broad preclinical applications in cancer diagnosis and kidney functional imaging. However, origin of such efficient renal clearance is still not clear. Herein, we conducted head-to-head comparison on physiological stability and renal clearance of two zwitterionic ...