Variable, intermittent renewable sources of energy are being introduced into the national electric grid at scale. However, the current grid paradigm of load-following supplies is unable to utilize these sources without impractical deployments of backup generation and gridscale energy storage. Thus, it will be crucial to have energy agile loads: electric loads that can dynamically adapt their en...

using photovoltaic systems is gradually expanded by increasing energy demand. abundance and availability of this energy, has turned to one of the most important sources of renewable energy. unfortunately, photovoltaic systems have two big problems: first, those have very low energy conversion efficiency (in act between 12 and 42 percent under certain circumstances). second, the power produced b...

An important task of power demand and supply management in microgrids is to maintain a good match between power generation and consumption at the minimum cost. Since the highly fluctuant renewable energies constitute a significant portion of the power resources in microgrids, the microgrid system central controller (MGCC) faces the challenge of effectively utilizing the renewable energies while...

Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g., photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. A system with multiple...

as one of the most important products of iran, pistachio has a significant share in non-oil revenues. its annual foreign exchange earnings are over 800 million dollars. however, production of this nut in the country’s major production centers is faced with many problems regarding the efficiency and productivity of the inputs. this study was performed by using two-stage cluster sampling method. ...

Cities’ energy usage accounts for two thirds of global primary energy consumption. Energy efficiency in urban areas is, therefore, one of the most important topics to consider when dealing with urban sustainability. This paper evaluates the goals for increasing energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources in the areas of transportation, buildings and consumers’ awareness, as stated in ...

Last year’s adoption of the Renewables Directive has provided an important stimulus for EU Member State governments to increase their renewable energy policy efforts, stipulating indicative targets for the consumption of renewable electricity in each of the Member States. This paper uses the recent experiences in the Dutch green certificate market to illustrate the possible interactions between...