OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify the impact that longer battery life of cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) devices has on reducing the number of device replacements and associated costs of these replacements from a Swedish health care system perspective. METHODS An economic model based on real-world published data was developed to estimate cost saving...

Complex phenotypes typically have a correspondingly multifaceted genetic component. However, the genotype-phenotype association between chemical defense and resistance is often simple: genetic changes in the binding site of a toxin alter how it affects its target. Some toxic organisms, such as poison frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae), have defensive alkaloids that disrupt the function of ion channel...

We identified, in independently generated hybridoma antibodies, blocks of shared somatic alterations comprising four consecutive amino acid replacements in the CDR2s of their heavy chain variable regions. We found that the nucleotide sequences encoding the shared replacements differed slightly. In addition, we performed genomic cloning and sequencing analyses that indicate that no genomic seque...

OBJECTIVES To review the latest evidence on antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with total joint replacements to prevent prosthesis infections. DATA SOURCES Literature search of Medline and PubMed until June 2009. STUDY SELECTION Studies of patients with total joint replacements from around the world, studies concerning antibiotic prophylaxis, as well as chemoprophylaxis guidelines from ort...

Containers, such as lists and maps, are fundamental data structures in modern programming languages. However, improper choice of container types may lead to significant performance issues. This paper presents Cres, an approach that automatically synthesizes replacements improve runtime performance. The synthesis algorithm works with static analysis techniques identify how containers utilized th...