nanotechnology involves the ability to see and control individual atoms and molecules which are about 100 nanometer or smaller. one of the major tools used in this field is atomic force microscopy which uses a wealth of techniques to measure the topography and investigates the surface forces in nanoscale. friction force is the representation of the surface interaction between two surfaces an...

The center of spatio-temporal representation for own body and its surrounding space is supposed at the parietal cortex in human brains, but the mechanism how the brain computes them is still not clearly understood though its hierarchical representation is expected. One of such hierarchical models, this paper propose a method which integrates multimodal information based on the Slow Feature Anal...

A hypercomplex representation of DNA is proposed to facilitate comparing DNA sequences with fuzzy composition. With the hypercomplex number representation, the conventional sequence analysis method, such as, dot matrix analysis, dynamic programming, and cross-correlation method have been extended and improved to align DNA sequences with fuzzy composition. The hypercomplex dot matrix analysis ca...

When designing a representation, a designer implicitly formulates a method required to understand and use the representation effectively. This paper aims at making the method explicit, in order to help designers elicit their design choices. In particular, we present a set of concepts to systematically analyze what a user must theoretically do visually to find information. The analysis consists ...

Research is taking place to find effective algorithms for content-based image representation and description. There is a substantial amount of algorithms available that use visual features (color, shape, texture). Shape feature has attracted much attention from researchers that there are many shape representation and description algorithms in literature. These shape image representation and des...

Representation and modeling of economic uncertainty is addressed by different modeling methods, namely stochastic variables and probabilities, interval analysis, and fuzzy numbers, in particular triple estimates. Fo-cusing on discounted cash flow analysis numerical results are presented, comparisons are made between alter-native modeling methods, and characteristics of the methods are discussed.

in this paper, a boussinesq equation is solved by using the adomian's decomposition method, modified adomian's decomposition method and homotopy analysis method. the approximate solution of this equation is calculated in the form of series which its components are computed by applying a recursive relation. the existence and uniqueness of the solution and the convergence of the propose...

Estimating direct and indirect causal effects from observational data is crucial to understanding the mechanisms predicting behaviour under different interventions. Causal mediation analysis a method that often used reveal effects. Deep learning shows promise in analysis, but current methods only assume latent confounders affect treatment, mediator outcome simultaneously, fail identify types of...