Optimization algorithms plays a vital role in mechanical engineering. In this paper we have demonstrated how the Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA) algorithm is able to solve classical engineering design problems. first part, biological reference, as well detailed overview of given. Afterwards, RSA and potential machine class problems The source code for was written using MATLAB R2020a software sui...

Previous research focusing on broad-scale or geographically invariant species-environment dependencies suggest that temperature-related variables explain more of the variation in reptile distributions than precipitation. However, species-environment relationships may exhibit considerable spatial variation contingent upon the geographic nuances that vary between locations. Broad-scale, geographi...

Evidence for a developmental relationship between B cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that B cells evolved from a phagocytic predecessor. The recent identification of phagocytic IgM+ cells in fishes and amphibians supports this hypothesis, but raises the question of when, evolutionarily, was phagocytic capacity lost in B cells? To address this, leucocytes were isolated from red-ea...

A comprehensive analysis of amniote interrelationships is presented in an attempt to test turtle interrelationships. The results refute earlier hypotheses that turtles are related to parareptiles, i.e. to procolophonids or pareiasaurs. Instead, turtles are shown to be the sistergroup of Sauropterygia, the two clades being nested within Sauria as sister-group of Lepidosauriformes. This scenario ...

While structural studies of reptile venom toxins can be achieved using lyophilized venom samples, until now the cloning of precursor cDNAs required sacrifice of the specimen for dissection of the venom glands. Here we describe a simple and rapid technique that unmasks venom protein mRNAs present in lyophilized venom samples. To illustrate the technique we have RT-PCR-amplified a range of venom ...

Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. is a newly proposed subspecies of C. fetus with markers of reptile origin. We summarize epidemiologic information for 9 humans infected with this bacterium. All cases were in men, most of whom were of Asian origin. Infection might have been related to exposure to Asian foods or reptiles.

Let Γ be a planar crystallographic group and let g : R → R be an expanding affine mapping satisfying gΓg ⊂ Γ. Then choose a complete set of right coset representatives δ1, . . . , δn of Γ/gΓg . We call the attractor T of the iterated function system g(T ) = δ1(T ) ∪ . . . ∪ δn(T ) a crystallographic reptile if the collection