Transmit power adjustment is one of the key factor for prolonging the life time of the Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper we present the energy aware MAC protocol which is adjust the transmit power for single hop and multi hop Communication in the wireless sensor networks which is associated with the residual energy and hop count. Sender receives the Hop count information between the sink ...

High energy synchrotron diffraction is introduced as a new method for residual stress analysis in the bulk of materials. It is shown that energy dispersive measurements are sufficiently precise so that strains as small 10-4 can be determined reliably. Due to the high intensity and the high parallelism of the high energy synchrotron radiation the sample gauge volume can be reduced to approximate...

Abrasive Waterjet Peening (AWJP) has emerged as a potential surface treatment process for metal implants and prosthetic devices. An elastic tensile prestress has been shown to increase the magnitude and depth of residual stress that can be obtained. In the present investigation, the subsurface residual stress fields resulting from AWJ peening of Ti6Al4V with load control and displacement contro...

We propose a data forwarding scheme termed dynamic energy-based relaying (DER) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the DER scheme, all nodes try to forward their data packets toward the nodes that are optimal distance closer to the data sink. They also take the relaying node estimated lifetime into consideration in the selection process. When necessary, they will choose nodes that are close...

In a multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) with a constant node density, the nodes that are one hop away from the Sink die first and cause an “energy hole,” because they must forward the traffic from the rest of the network. When this hole forms, a large amount of “excess” energy is trapped in the other nodes. In this paper, we propose that some of those other nodes use some of the excess ene...

By partitioning the total stresses in a damaged composite into either mechanical and residual stresses or into initial and perturbation stresses, it was possible to derive several exact results for the energy release rate due to crack growth. These general results automatically include the effects of residual stresses, traction-loaded cracks, and imperfect interfaces. By considering approximate...

In this paper, we propose a routing scheme that guarantees the residual lifetime of wireless sensor networks where each sensor node operates with a limited budget of battery energy. The scheme maximizes the communications QoS while sustaining the residual battery lifetime of the network for a specified duration. Communication paths of wireless nodes are translated into a directed acyclic graph(...

Routing is a challenging task in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) due to their dynamic topology and lack of central administration. As a consequence of un-predictable topology changes of such networks, routing protocols employed need to accurately capture the delay, load, available bandwidth and residual node energy at various locations of the network for effective energy and load balancing. This...

For overflow weirs and embankments, the stepped chute profile may increase the rate of energy dissipation on the waterway. Herein four different stepped chute configurations were tested with a focus on the cavity flow processes, flow aeration and energy dissipation performances. Detailed flow visualisations and air-water flow measurements were conducted for all configurations. The results highl...