Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance of iron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon nanoparticles (Fe-NPC) with various physical and (electro) chemical properties have been investigated. Fe-NPC nanoparticles are synthesized via a facile soft-templating procedure by using Iron (III) chloride hexa-hydrate as iron precursor and aminophenol-formaldehyde resin as both carbon and nitrogen precurs...

In the presence of various catalysts (TiCl4, AlCl3, H2SO4), process obtaining a coumarone-indene-carbazole resin (CICR), which is produced from liquid products coal coking, and its subsequent use for bitumen modification was investigated. The influence catalyst type on yield modifying properties CICR (change in thermoplastic adhesive after adding obtained resins to them) studied. effect amount ...

Commercially available activated carbon (AC) powders made from different precursor materials (coal, peat, coconut shell, hardwood, and phenolic resin) were electrochemically evaluated as oxygen reduction catalysts and tested as cathode catalysts in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). AC powders were characterized in terms of surface chemistry and porosity, and their kinetic activities were compared to...

The reaction of a tannin extract (containing about 30"/0 carbohydrate) from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) bark (two parts) and resorcinol (one part) at 12O"C for 24 h with acetic acid catalyst gave a product containing predominantly oligomeric procyanidin-4-resorcinol adducts (3Wo), unreacted resorcinol (22%). carbohydrate (20010). the resorcinol adduct 2R,3R,4S 4-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl).fIavan-...

Combined ion-exclusion and cation-exchange chromatography (IEC/CEC) on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H-form (TSKgel Super IC-A/C) has been used as an advanced method for evaluation of the photooxidation of ionic nitrogen compounds, for example triethanolamine, trimethylamine, and urea, on a TiO2 photocatalyst. Formation of NH4 and NO3 from each nitrogen compound by photooxidation...

Furan derivatives obtained from renewable biomass resources have the potential to serve as substitutes for the petroleum-based building blocks that are currently used in the production of plastics and fine chemicals. We developed a process for the selective dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) that operates at high fructose concentrations (10 to 50 weight %), achieves high y...

The present concept of being globally “green” puts additional demands on lubricants. They are to be biodegradable and ecofriendly. Therefore, in a search for alternate lubricants meeting the above demands, we have synthesized biodegradable new generation esters using alcohols such as 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol and 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propane diol and fatty acids like caproic and 2-ethyl caproic ...

Partial carbonized nanoporous resin (PCNR-150), based on organic xerogel compounds, was prepared at 150 oC by sol–gel method from pyrogallol and formaldehyde mixtures in water using perchloric acid as catalyst. The PCNR-150 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen porosim...

A porous phenolsulphonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR) was developed. The heterogeneous catalyst PAFR was applied to the esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols, affording the carboxylic acid esters in a yield of up to 95% where water was not removed from the reaction mixture. Surprisingly, the esterification in water as a solvent proceeded to afford the desired esters in high yield. P...

Three-dimensional printing was used to fabricate various metallic structures by directly integrating a Br-containing vinyl-terminated initiator into the 3D resin followed by surface-initiated atomic-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and subsequent electroless plating. Cu- and Ni-coated complex structures, such as microlattices, hollow balls, and even Eiffel towers, were prepared. Moreover,...