Social life is generally associated with an increased exposure to pathogens and parasites, due to factors such as high population density, frequent physical contact and the use of perennial nest sites. However, sociality also permits the evolution of new collective behavioural defences. Wood ants, Formica paralugubris, commonly bring back pieces of solidified coniferous resin to their nest. Man...

Rice (Oryza sativa) is usually grown under flooded conditions, leading to anoxic periods in the soil. Rice plants transport oxygen via aerenchyma from the atmosphere to the roots. Driven by O2 release into the rhizosphere, radial gradients of ferric Fe and co-precipitated organic substances are formed. Our study aimed at elucidating the composition and spatial extension of those gradients. Air-...

NUTRACEUTICALS 20 MARCH/APRIL 2013 SUMMARY Green propolis derives mainly from vegetative apices of Baccharis dracunculifolia (alecrim plants). However, wide variation detected in the chemical composition suggests contributions from alternative resin plant sources. Prenylated cinnamic acid-derived compounds bearing prenyl groups are predominant and pharmacologically active components of the resi...

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir., resistance to the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), was studied. Adult weevil feeding and oviposition preference, larval survival, and pupal weight were used as measures of sweet potato resistance. Sweet potato resin glycosides and caffeic acid concentrations in the periderm tissue of stor...

An extension of our methodology on solid-phase synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles under mild conditions has been developed. Firstly, the resin-bound acylhydrazine is reacted with orthoesters to provide resin-bound 1,3,4oxadiazoles. Secondly, condensation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles resin with the corresponding arylamines hydrochloride to form the resin-bound triazoles. 3,4,5-Trisubstitu...

A chitosan resin functionalized with 3-nitro-4-amino benzoic acid moiety (CCTS-NABA resin) was newly synthesized for the collection/concentration of trace molybdenum by using cross-linked chitosan (CCTS) as base material. The carboxyl group of the moiety was chemically attached to amino group of cross-linked chitosan through amide bond formation. The adsorption behavior of molybdenum as well as...

Purpose: Denture-related stomatitis is probably the most common form of oral candidiasis and its reported prevalence varies widely ranging up to 65%. In this in vitro study, we evaluate the effect of delmopinol application on Candida albicans adherence on heat-cured acrylic resin, cold-cured acrylic resin and microwave-cured acrylic resin. Materials and methods: A total of 40 specimens of each ...

CONTEXT Resin luting of all-ceramic restorations results in increased performance; however, the strengthening mechanism and the role of the mechanical properties of the resin are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of filler content on the flexural properties of resin luting agents and thereby selecting an appropriate resin luting cement. MATE...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to enhance curing light penetration through resin inlays by modifying the thicknesses of the dentin, enamel, and translucent layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the layer dominantly affecting the power density of light curing units, resin wafers of each layer with 0.5 mm thickness were prepared and power density through resin wafers was measur...

fiber post (GFP) treated or not with phosphoric acid, silane coupling agent, and unfilled resin. GFPs were etched or not with 37% phosphoric acid and different surface coating applied: silane coupling agent, unfilled resin, or both. Composite resin blocks were built around a 4-mm height on the GFP. Unfilled resin (20 s) and composite resin (40 s) were light activated by a light-emitting diode u...