Abstract Purpose of Review Resistant hypertension (RH) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and associated with increased all-cause mortality. Cardiac changes such as impaired left ventricular (LV) function, hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial fibrosis, enlarged atrium (LA) are consequences chronic exposure an elevated blood pressure. The purpose this review article demonstrate the poten...

Resistant hypertension indicates that the blood pressure cannot reach the target value despite standard drug treatment, which harbors an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The role of the carotid sinus in regulating blood pressure has long been observed; thereby, the idea that treating resistant hypertension by stimulating carotid baroreceptors emerged. Nevertheless, this idea has been...

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs frequently in patients with drug-resistant hypertension. The factors accounting for this observation, however, are unclear. Both conditions demonstrate clinical features suggestive of extracellular fluid volume overload. The aims of this study were to examine whether the spontaneous overnight fluid shift from the legs to the upper body is associated with obstructi...