The afferent pathways mediating respiratory load perception are still largely unknown. To assess the role of lung vagal afferents in respiratory sensation, detection of inspiratory resistive loads was compared between 10 double-lung transplant (DLT) recipients with normal lung function and 12 healthy control (Nor) subjects. Despite a similar unloaded and loaded breathing pattern, the DLT group ...

Electrochemical capacitors are a class of energy devices in which complex mechanisms accumulation and dissipation electric take place when connected to charging or discharging power system. Reliably modeling their frequency-domain time-domain behaviors is crucial for proper design integration engineering applications, knowing that electrochemical general exhibit anomalous tendency cannot be ade...

This paper discusses the problems of impedance sensors in their application. Four case studies of industrial sensors are presented and show how a systematic approach can reduce the effects of undesired physical influences. It is shown that in a first case of ideal environmental conditions, with capacitive sensors even with simple interface electronics a very high precision can be obtained. A se...

In recent years, considerable effort has been dedicated to the development of a simple, instrument-free detection method that enables point-of-care testing (POCT) and decentralized clinical diagnosis of diseases. One of the most promising approaches to this goal involves the use of an electrical detection strategy. Owing to operational simplicity and ability to be miniaturized, this approach ha...

For Josephson bicrystal YBaCuO junctions 3–1.5 µm in size, the response to an external signal with a frequency of 165 GHz was measured. Receivers similar ICRN values at helium temperatures and different RN were chosen for study. The amplitudes Shapiro steps measured various powers sample temperatures. dependence output voltage noise on operating point, temperature, power It is shown that fluctu...

On-chip parasitic inductance inherent to the power supply rails has become significant in high speed digital circuits. Therefore, current surges result in voltage fluctuations within the power distribution networks, creating delay uncertainty. On-chip simultaneous switching noise should therefore be considered when estimating the propagation delay of a CMOS logic gate in high speed synchronous ...

Electric events inside the human body cause potential differences on the skin. Surface electrodes can be used to measure these voltages. A surface electrode is in fact an electrochemical transducer. It converts the potential differences due to ion flows inside the human body into a measurable voltage. The measurement of bioelectric events is exposed to various sources of noise. The reactions th...