Historically, the term risk assessment has been applied to the examination of potential risk to human health as a result of exposure to some introduced environmental toxicant. As an intellectual discipline, risk assessment is in its infancy. Within the past couple of decades, considerable research has been done in the fields of toxicology, industrial hygiene, environmental impact assessment, en...

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This article examines the interaction between school accountability and local control over revenue raising and resource allocation. In particular, it asks whether accountability policies are more or less effective at improving student outcomes in states with stronger local control. Local control is operationalized with multiple measures, including the percentage of education funding from catego...

The complexity and variability inherent in biological systems should limit the use of models during actual outbreaks as predictive tools. Modelling will be most useful when used pre-outbreak, particularly in the areas of retrospective analysis of previous outbreaks, contingency planning, resource planning, risk assessment and training. Models are just one tool for providing scientific advice, a...

INTRODUCTION Health Technology Assessment (HTA) plays a key role in the policy and decision-making process. Nevertheless, it is time- and resource-consuming, and therefore requires proper resource allocation. Priority setting, as a best way to organize effective and explicit resource allocation systems, may be applied even in this field. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide an overv...

In this paper, a new methodology based on system modelling and optimization is developed to determine forest fire risk, and subsequent resource allocation, over a regional area. A forest fuel moisture model and a propagation model are developed, in order to determine the dynamic risk assessment. The objective of resource allocation is twofold. In the preventive phase means and crews are re-allo...

Abstract: Sustainability is increasingly considered an essential business function, but in Libya, petroleum companies are slow to address operational issues that could reduce environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of upstream petroleum operations. The methods adopted in the study are a literature review, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study and q...

Many countries have multiple critical infrastructures that are potentially vulnerable to deliberate attacks by terrorists or other intelligent adversaries. determining how best to protect these and other critical infrastructures against intelligent attacks has become a topic of great concern. Researchers and practitioners have attempted a variety of approaches for dealing with this issue. One m...

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a procedure tool of environmental management for identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the adverse effects of development proposals. EIA reports usually analyze how the amounts or concentrations of pollutants obey the relevant standards. Actually, many analytical tools can deepen the analysis of environmental impacts in EIA reports, such as ...

Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) has been widely recognized as an important concept in survivable optical networks. The issues of avoiding “traps” (to be defined later) in path determination and maximizing bandwidth sharing, are more challenging in providing shared SRLG protection than in providing shared path protection without considering SRLGs. In this paper, we proposed a novel survivability a...