where y is the n× 1 response vector; X is an n× p model matrix representing the predictors; and β is a p × 1 vector of coefficients to estimate. For mathematical simplicity, it is typical to set the first predictor as the intercept β0 so that the first column of X is the n×1 vector of ones. The intercept acts as a sink for the mean effect of included predictors, so one could remove the intercep...

The common factor model assumes that the linear coefficients (intercepts and factor loadings) linking the observed variables to the latent factors are fixed coefficients (i.e., common for all participants). When the observed variables are participants' observed responses to stimuli, such as their responses to the items of a questionnaire, the assumption of common linear coefficients may be too ...

Using immunoaffinity chromatography, we separated human high density lipoprotein (HDL) into two subfractions: LP-AI, in which all particles contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) but no apoA-II, and LP-AI/AII, in which all particles contain both apoA-I and apoA-II. To compare LP-AI and LP-AI/AII as acceptors of cell cholesterol, the isolated subfractions were diluted to 50 micrograms phospholipid/...

allocation and removing of excess water from the irrigation and drainage network is one of the most important activities in the management of these networks. side weir is one of the most common structures for this purpose. study on the flow hydraulic characteristics of this structure included two parts, defining the water surface profiles and estimating the discharge coefficient. to estimate th...

The launch of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) platforms capable generating written responses to a vast range text-based queries has transformed the conceptualisation assessment in education. Apart from its potential for misuse test examinations, laboratory report Science Education may be vulnerable AI-disruption. This article outlines five prompts that educators can use assess quality ...

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation, Heart Foundation Background Emerging evidence indicates that a high atrial fibrillation (AF) burden is associated with adverse outcome. However, AF not routinely measured in clinical practice. An artificial intelligence (AI)-based tool could facilitate the assessment burden....

The variation of a biological measurand can be expressed in the units of the measured concentrations or as a percentage of the absolute variation relative to the mean concentration. For example, given that different metrologic systems are in use for the measurement of human body temperature, this parameter can be expressed in degrees Celsius (Europe), degrees Fahrenheit (US), or degrees Kelvin ...

Determination of the intercept of the BFKL pomeron is one of the pressing issues in the high energy physics. Earlier we have shown that, at the dipole size r = r∆ = (0.1− 0.2)f, the dipole cross section σ(x, r) which is a solution of the generalized BFKL equation, exhibits a precocious asymptotic behavior σ(x, r) ∝ ( 1 x )∆IP . In this paper we discuss how measuring FL(x,Q ) and ∂FT (x,Q )/∂ lo...