Surfactant-replacement therapy is a life-saving treatment for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, a disorder characterized by surfactant deficiency. Repletion with exogenous surfactant decreases mortality and thoracic air leaks and is a standard practice in the developed world. In addition to respiratory distress syndrome, other neonatal respiratory disorders are characterized b...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by an acute pulmonary inflammatory process induced by the presence of a direct (pulmonary) insult that affects lung parenchyma, or an indirect (extrapulmonary) insult that results from an acute systemic inflammatory response. It is believed that an efficient therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome should attenuate inflammatory res...

Background: Late preterm neonates may have the external appearance and behavior similar to their counterparts.However, they are susceptible to various neonatal morbidities , due to their physiological and metabolical immaturity.To assess the correlation between cord blood arterial lactate levels and base excess with the development ofrespiratory distress in late preterm neonat...

Hypophosphatasia is a rare hereditary disorder of bone metabolism.In this article, we presented the case of a male infant with a soft skull and short, deformed limbs at birth, followed by seizures and respiratory distress during admission in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Prenatal ultrasound showed limb hypoplasia, skull hypomineralization, and polyhydramnios. Seizures occurred on day...

Background: Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is gaining popularity in the management of respiratory distress in preterm neonates. However, it is not known whether it takes precedence over the gold standard nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in this age group as a primary mode of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). There is limited evidence ...

OBJECTIVES To identify a novel, generalizable diagnostic for acute respiratory distress syndrome using whole-blood gene expression arrays from multiple acute respiratory distress syndrome cohorts of varying etiologies. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic search for human whole-blood gene expression arrays of acute respiratory distress syndrome in National Institutes of Health Gene Expressi...

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a condition of advancing respiratory distress, commencing at or shortly after birth. The disease follows an acute course, with deterioration within 48 hours followed by stabilisation and improvement. Treatment is to support respiratory function and maintain good oxygenation.

This report aims to describe the adverse respiratory events associated with the first pamidronate cycle in four infants with severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) who were less than 2 years of age. Fifty-nine infants with severe OI were commenced on cyclical intravenous pamidronate therapy in an observation trial. Routine observations were measured during each infusion cycle. During the first tre...

Background and aim Prematurity and related problems, especially respiratory distress, are one of the main challenges for neonatal medicine. The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D levels in preterm infants with, and those without respiratory distress. Methods This case-control study was conducted in Ghaem and Emam Reza Hospitals in Mashhad (Iran) from 2015 to 2016. In this study, we ex...