Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implemented in the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in systemic sclerosis. In the bleomycin model, we evaluated the role of acquired mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and respiratory chain defects as a trigger of ROS formation and fibrogenesis. Adult male Wistar rats received a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin and their lungs were ex...

A significant ratio of late preterm infants receives surfactant therapy (ST) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and for other neonatal lung diseases characterized by surfactant inactivation or dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the clinical and therapeutic characteristics and outcomes of late preterm infants who received ST in the last 10 years in our neonatal intensive care unit. During...

A very rare syndrome of rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) has been recently described as causing morbidity due to hypothalamic dysfunction and respiratory arrest. Its prognosis is poor and often cardiac arrest occurs due to alveolar hypoventilation. This disorder can mimic genetic obesity syndromes and several endocrine disor...

Distal airways are less than 2 mm in diameter, comprising a relatively large cross-sectional area that allows for slower, laminar airflow. The airways include both membranous bronchioles and gas exchange ducts, and have been referred to in the past as the 'quiet zone', in part because these structures were felt to contribute little to lung mechanics and in part because they were difficult to st...

Overt hyperthyroidism is associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, preeclampsia and fetal thyroid dysfunction. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with anaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, placental abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, premature birth, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death, increased neonata...

Overt hyperthyroidism is associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia and fetal thyroid dysfunction. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with anaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, premature birth, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death, increased neona...

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify whether respiratory function differed between dementia patients using and not using thickening fluids and texture-modifying foods for swallowing dysfunction management. [Subjects] Sixty-five inpatients in the dementia treatment ward in a psychiatric facility were enrolled. [Methods] The patients underwent respiratory function testing twice with an 80-cm par...

Diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with respiratory insufficiency compounds the problems in the management. In the presence of lower lobe atelectasis, pleural effusion, or a patient's poor respiratory effort, fluoroscopic examination is often not a reliable way to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis. We observed that transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation in the neck and recording the diaphragm...